Rapid malaria screening and targeted treatment of United States-bound Montagnard refugees from Cambodia in 2002

In 2002, a group of Montagnard refugees living in Cambodia was accepted for resettlement in the United States. Pre-departure malaria screening and targeted treatment was conducted to prevent morbidity, and minimize the potential for local malaria transmission post-arrival. We screened 902 of 906 ref...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 72; no. 6; p. 688
Main Authors:	Causer, Louise M, Bishop, Henry S, Sharp, Donald J, Flagg, Elaine W, Calderon, Jaime F, Keane, Vincent, Shah, J Jina, Macarthur, John R, Maloney, Susan A, Cetron, Martin S, Bloland, Peter B
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-06-2005
Subjects:	Antimalarials - therapeutic use Cambodia - epidemiology Humans Malaria - diagnosis Malaria - drug therapy Malaria - epidemiology Polymerase Chain Reaction Refugees Cambodia
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Summary:	In 2002, a group of Montagnard refugees living in Cambodia was accepted for resettlement in the United States. Pre-departure malaria screening and targeted treatment was conducted to prevent morbidity, and minimize the potential for local malaria transmission post-arrival. We screened 902 of 906 refugees using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Twelve (1.3%) RDT results were positive and 28 (3.1%) were indeterminate. Microscopy confirmed Plasmodium species in two of the positive RDT and one of the indeterminate results. Among a random 10% sample of negative RDT results (n = 86), none were positive by microscopy. The PCR confirmed the two microscopically (and RDT) positive specimens. The PCR result was negative for all other specimens tested. Eighteen (2.0%) refugees were treated with antimalarials. The RDTs were useful in this setting, facilitating timely, sensitive diagnosis and targeted treatment. Evaluations to determine the most appropriate interventions in other refugee settings should include cost-effectiveness analyses of alternative strategies.
ISSN:	0002-9637
DOI:	10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.688