Fabrication and biocompatibility evaluation of hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone-gelatin composite nanofibers as a bone scaffold

One approach to addressing bone defects involves the field of bone tissue engineering, with scaffolds playing an important role. The properties of the scaffold must be similar to those of natural bone, including pore size, porosity, interconnectivity, mechanical attributes, degradation rate, non-tox...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	RSC advances Vol. 14; no. 34; pp. 24815 - 24827
Main Authors:	Aminatun, Sujak M K, Aisyah, Izak R, Djony, Hadi, Sofijan, Sari, Yessie Widia, Gunawarman, Cahyati, Nilam, Yusuf, Yusril, Che Abdullah, Che Azurahanim
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Royal Society of Chemistry 05-08-2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry
Subjects:	Biocompatibility Biomedical materials Chemistry Degradation Diameters Evaluation Fourier transforms Functional groups Gelatin Hydroxyapatite Infrared analysis Nanofibers Osteoblasts Polycaprolactone Pore size Porosity Scaffolds Spectrum analysis Tensile strength Tissue engineering
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Summary:	One approach to addressing bone defects involves the field of bone tissue engineering, with scaffolds playing an important role. The properties of the scaffold must be similar to those of natural bone, including pore size, porosity, interconnectivity, mechanical attributes, degradation rate, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and biocompatibility. The primary goals of this study are as follows: first, to evaluate hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds based on functional groups, fibre diameter, porosity, and degradation rate; second, to investigate the interaction between HA/PCL/gelatin scaffolds and osteoblast cells (specifically, the ATCC 7F2 cell line) using assays, including cell viability and adhesion levels. The fibre samples were fabricated using an electrospinning technique with a 15 kV voltage, a spinneret-collector distance of 10 cm, and a flow rate of 0.3 mL hour . The process was applied to five different HA/PCL/gelatin concentration ratios: 50 : 40 : 10; 50 : 30 : 20; 50 : 25 : 25; 50 : 20 : 30; 50 : 35 : 15 (in %wt). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis and tests revealed no differences in functional groups across the five compositions. The identified functional groups include PO , OH , CO and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching. Notably, an increase in PCL concentrations resulted in larger fiber diameters, ranging from 369-1403 nm with an average value of 929 ± 175 nm. The highest porosity percentage was (77.27 ± 11.57) %, and a sufficient degradation rate of up to 3.5 months facilitated the proliferation process of osteoblast cells. Tensile strength assessments revealed a significant increase in tensile strength with the addition of PCL, reaching a peak of 1.93 MPa. The MTT assay demonstrated a discernible increase in cell proliferation, as evidenced by increased cell viability percentages on days 1, 3, and 5. Concurrently, the fluorescence microscopy examination indicated an increase in cell numbers, which was especially noticeable on days 1 and 5. The SEM analysis confirmed the biocompatibility of the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold, as osteoblast cells attached and dispersed successfully five days after seeding. Based on these findings, the HA/PCL/gelatin nanofiber scaffold emerges as a very promising candidate for treating bone damage.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2046-2069 2046-2069
DOI:	10.1039/d4ra02485k