Executive control function: A review of its promise and challenges for clinical research: A report from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association

This report reviews the state of the literature and opportunities for research related to "executive control function" (ECF). ECF has recently been separated from the specific cognitive domains (memory, language, and praxis) traditionally used to assess patients. ECF impairment has been as...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences Vol. 14; no. 4; pp. 377 - 405
Main Authors:	ROYALL, Donald R, LAUTERBACH, Edward C, CUMMINGS, Jeffrey L, REEVE, Allison, RUMMANS, Teresa A, KAUFER, Daniel I, LAFRANCE, W. Curt, COFFEV, C. Edward
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Psychiatric Press 01-09-2002
Subjects:	Adult and adolescent clinical studies Alzheimer Disease - complications Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology Basal Ganglia - diagnostic imaging Basal Ganglia - physiopathology Biological and medical sciences Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - etiology Cognition Disorders - physiopathology Dementia, Vascular - complications Dementia, Vascular - diagnosis Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology Diabetes Complications Humans Huntington Disease - complications Huntington Disease - diagnosis Huntington Disease - physiopathology Interneurons - diagnostic imaging Interneurons - physiology Medical sciences Miscellaneous Neuropsychological Tests Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - complications Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - diagnosis Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - physiopathology Parkinson Disease - complications Parkinson Disease - diagnosis Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Receptors, GABA - metabolism Receptors, Glutamate - metabolism Schizophrenia - complications Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenia - physiopathology Thalamus - diagnostic imaging Thalamus - physiopathology Tomography, Emission-Computed Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon Mood disorder Human Executive function Pathophysiology Neuropsychiatry Schizophrenia Depression Exploration Frontal cortex Anatomy Psychosis Concomitant disease Treatment Medical imagery Neuropsychologia Bibliographic review
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Summary:	This report reviews the state of the literature and opportunities for research related to "executive control function" (ECF). ECF has recently been separated from the specific cognitive domains (memory, language, and praxis) traditionally used to assess patients. ECF impairment has been associated with lesions to the frontal cortex and its basal ganglia-thalamic connections. No single putative ECF measure can yet serve as a "gold standard." This and other obstacles to assessment of ECF are reviewed. ECF impairment and related frontal system lesions and metabolic disturbances have been detected in many psychiatric and medical disorders and are strongly associated with functional outcomes, disability, and specific problem behaviors. The prevalence and severity of ECF deficits in many disorders remain to be determined, and treatment has been attempted in only a few disorders. Much more research in these areas is necessary.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0895-0172 1545-7222
DOI:	10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14.4.377