Intracellular vacuolation induced by culture filtrates of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from environmental sources

Aims: Potential virulence factors produced by culture filtrates of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water were investigated. Methods and Results: Culture filtrates of P. shigelloides strains were assayed for cytotoxic activity in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary), Vero (African green monkey kidney),...

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Published in:	Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 95; no. 2; pp. 273 - 278
Main Authors:	Falcón, R., Carbonell, G.V., Figueredo, P.M.S., Butião, F., Saridakis, H.O., Pelayo, J.S., Yano, T.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01-01-2003 Blackwell Science Oxford University Press
Subjects:	Animals Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Culture Media, Conditioned - toxicity Cytotoxins - biosynthesis Cytotoxins - toxicity enterotoxin Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology haemolysin Hemolysin Proteins - biosynthesis Hemolysis Humans Microbiology Pathogenicity, virulence, toxins, bacteriocins, pyrogens, host-bacteria relations, miscellaneous strains Plesiomonas - pathogenicity Plesiomonas shigelloides putative virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin Vacuoles - drug effects Virulence Water Microbiology Plesiomonas shigelloides Toxin Bacteria Vibrionaceae Cytotoxicity Virulence
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Summary:	Aims: Potential virulence factors produced by culture filtrates of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water were investigated. Methods and Results: Culture filtrates of P. shigelloides strains were assayed for cytotoxic activity in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary), Vero (African green monkey kidney), HeLa (human cervix), HT29 (human epithelial intestinal) and SK6 (swine epithelial kidney) cells. Microscopic analyses revealed intensive cytoplasmic vacuolation including cell rounding and swelling, with gradual destruction of the monolayer in filtrate‐treated cells. Neutral red assays showed that CHO, HeLa and Vero cells were the most sensitive to the vacuolating activity, which was evident within 30 min of culture filtrate exposure. This activity was inactived by heating at 56°C for 15 min and partially neutralized by antiserum to the cytotoxin of Aeromonas hydrophila. All P. shigelloides strains had a cell‐associated haemolysin in the agar plate assay. Three isolates were found to produce a cell‐free haemolytic activity at 37°C. In the suckling mouse test, two P. shigelloides culture supernatants were positive for enterotoxic activity. Conclusions: P. shigelloides culture filtrates isolated from aquatic environment cause intracellular vacuolation on mammalian cells, and produce haemolytic and enterotoxic activities. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work revealed the presence of putative virulence factors that could be associated with human infections involving Plesiomonas strains.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	1364-5072 1365-2672
DOI:	10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01983.x