A Large Cluster of New Onset Autoimmune Myositis in the Yorkshire Region Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

A Large Cluster of New Onset Autoimmune Myositis in the Yorkshire Region Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines partially exploit intrinsic DNA or RNA adjuvanticity, with dysregulation in the metabolism of both these nucleic acids independently linked to triggering experimental autoimmune diseases, including lupus and myositis. Methods: Herein, we present 15 new onset...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 1184
Main Authors: De Marco, Gabriele, Giryes, Sami, Williams, Katie, Alcorn, Nicola, Slade, Maria, Fitton, John, Nizam, Sharmin, Smithson, Gayle, Iqbal, Khizer, Tran, Gui, Pekarska, Katrina, Keen, Mansoor Ul Haq, Solaiman, Mohammad, Middleton, Edward, Wood, Samuel, Buss, Rihards, Devine, Kirsty, Marzo-Ortega, Helena, Green, Mike, McGonagle, Dennis
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 26-07-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Adjuvanticity
Antigens
Arthritis
Autoantibodies
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmunity
Biopsy
Brief Report
Connective tissue
Coronaviruses
COVID vaccination
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Dermatomyositis
Disease
DNA
DNA vaccines
Immunization
Infections
Laboratories
Longitudinal studies
Magnetic resonance imaging
Muscles
Myositis
Nucleic acids
Polymyositis
Prevention
Rheumatology
Ribonucleic acid
Risk factors
RNA
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Teaching hospitals
Vaccines
Viral diseases
United Kingdom
United Kingdom > UK
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Summary:Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccines partially exploit intrinsic DNA or RNA adjuvanticity, with dysregulation in the metabolism of both these nucleic acids independently linked to triggering experimental autoimmune diseases, including lupus and myositis. Methods: Herein, we present 15 new onset autoimmune myositis temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA or DNA-based vaccines that occurred between February 2021 and April 2022. Musculoskeletal, pulmonary, cutaneous and cardiac manifestations, laboratory and imaging data were collected. Results: In total, 15 cases of new onset myositis (11 polymyositis/necrotizing/overlap myositis; 4 dermatomyositis) were identified in the Yorkshire region of approximately 5.6 million people, between February 2021 and April 2022 (10 females/5 men; mean age was 66.1 years; range 37–83). New onset disease occurred after first vaccination (5 cases), second vaccination (7 cases) or after the third dose (3 cases), which was often a different vaccine. Of the cases, 6 had systemic complications including skin (3 cases), lung (3 cases), heart (2 cases) and 10/15 had myositis associated autoantibodies. All but 1 case had good therapy responses. Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) could not be explained based on the underlying disease/co-morbidities. Conclusion: Compared with our usual regional Rheumatology clinical experience, a surprisingly large number of new onset myositis cases presented during the period of observation. Given that antigen release inevitably follows muscle injury and given the role of nucleic acid adjuvanticity in autoimmunity and muscle disease, further longitudinal studies are required to explore potential links between novel coronavirus vaccines and myositis in comparison with more traditional vaccine methods.
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines10081184