Visible - Near Infrared Spectral Indices for Mapping Mineralogy and Chemistry with OSIRIS-REx

Visible - Near Infrared Spectral Indices for Mapping Mineralogy and Chemistry with OSIRIS-REx

The primary objective of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, SecurityRegolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission is to return to Earth a pristine sample of carbonaceous material from the primitive asteroid (101955) Bennu. To support compositional mapping as part of sample site...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Meteoritics & planetary science Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 744 - 765
Main Authors: Kaplan, Hannah H, Hamilton, Victoria E, Howell, Ellen, Anderson, F Scott, Barrucci, Antonella, Brucato, John, Burbine, Tom, Clark, Beth, Cloutis, Ed, Emery, Joshua, Fornasier, Sonia, Lantz, Cateline, Lim, Lucy, Merlin, Frederic, Praet, Alice, Reuter, Dennis, Sanford, Scott, Simon, Amy, Takir, Driss, Lauretta, Dante
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Johnson Space Center Wiley 01-04-2020
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
Absorption
Albedo
Apollo asteroids
Asteroids
Carbonaceous materials
Carbonaceous meteorites
Carbonates
Chemistry And Materials (General)
Mapping
Meteorites
Meteors & meteorites
Mineralogy
Minerals
Near infrared radiation
Reflectance
Regolith
Reliability analysis
Security
Site selection
Spectra
Spectral analysis
Spectrum analysis
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Summary:The primary objective of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, SecurityRegolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission is to return to Earth a pristine sample of carbonaceous material from the primitive asteroid (101955) Bennu. To support compositional mapping as part of sample site selection and characterization, we tested 95 spectral parameters on visible to near infrared laboratory reflectance data of minerals and carbonaceous meteorites to find which of these parameters reliably identified spectral features of interest. Most spectral parameters had high positive detection rates when used on spectra of pure, single component materials. The meteorite spectra have fewer and weaker absorption features and, as a result, fewer detections with the spectral parameters. Parameters targeting absorptions at 0.7 and 2.7 – 3 µm, which arise due to hydrated minerals, were most successful for the meteorites. Based on these results, we have identified a set of 17 parameters that are most likely to be useful at Bennu and spectral analogs. These parameters detect olivines, pyroxenes, carbonates, water/OH-bearing minerals, serpentines, ferric minerals, and organics. Particle size and albedo are known to affect band depth but had a negligible impact on parameter accuracy. The effect of instrument-like noise added to the laboratory spectra can result in more false positive detections, but these exhibit large errors. Our study has determined the prioritization of spectral parameters used for OSIRISREx spectral analysis and mapping and informs the reliability of all parameter-derived data products.
Bibliography:Johnson Space Center
JSC-E-DAA-TN67254
JSC
ISSN:1086-9379
1945-5100
DOI:10.1111/maps.13461