Normative ultrasound references for the paediatric wrist; dorsal soft tissues

ObjectiveTo report novel ultrasound (US) references for the healthy paediatric wrist.MethodsHealthy children and adolescents had an US examination including Doppler, of the right wrist, using a mid-sagittal image through the radiocarpal (RC)/midcarpal (MC) joints. These features were noted: appearan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases open Vol. 4; no. 1; p. e000642
Main Authors:	Rosendahl, Karen, Bruserud, Ingvild Sævold, Oehme, Ninnie, Júlíusson, Pétur Benedikt, Horatio, Laura Tanturri de, Müller, Lil-Sofie Ording, Magni-Manzoni, Silvia
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01-01-2018 BMJ Publishing Group
Series:	Original article
Subjects:	Age Arthritis Imaging Measurement techniques Pediatrics Rheumatology Ultrasonic imaging juvenile idiopathic arthritis ultrasonography synovial fluid
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	ObjectiveTo report novel ultrasound (US) references for the healthy paediatric wrist.MethodsHealthy children and adolescents had an US examination including Doppler, of the right wrist, using a mid-sagittal image through the radiocarpal (RC)/midcarpal (MC) joints. These features were noted: appearances and depth of the recess, with an additional measurement in the flexed position and number of Doppler signals within the recess in close proximity to the joint. In a second, blinded session, all images were reassessed by the same observer.ResultsIn total, 116 subjects (59 girls) aged 6–16 years (mean 10 years and 11 months) were included. The RC recess was visible in 71, of which 60 were non-bulging and 11 were bulging. In flexion, the thickness decreased in 60 (84.5%), suggestive of joint fluid. Of the 54 visible MC recesses, 45 (83.3%) thinned in flexion. The mean depths of the RC and MC recesses were 0.4 mm (SD 0.5, range 0–2.9) and 0.5 mm (SD 0.6, range 0–2.4), respectively, with no differences according to sex, but with increasing depths by age.For the RC joints, at least one Doppler signal was seen in the recess in 9/116 joints (7.8%), whereas this was true for 3.5% of the MC recesses. There were no statistically significant association between the depth of the RC or MC recesses and number of hand active sport activities (P=0.733 and P=0.091, respectively).ConclusionThe appearances of the dorsal RC and MC recesses in healthy children may mimic pathology. Hence, findings should be interpreted carefully.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2056-5933 2056-5933
DOI:	10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000642