Sulfide Homeostasis and Nitroxyl Intersect via Formation of Reactive Sulfur Species in Staphylococcus aureus

is a commensal human pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. As gaseous signaling molecules, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H S) and nitric oxide (NO·) protect from antibiotic stress synergistically, which we propose involves the intermediacy of nitroxyl (HNO). Here, we examine the effect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	mSphere Vol. 2; no. 3
Main Authors:	Peng, Hui, Shen, Jiangchuan, Edmonds, Katherine A, Luebke, Justin L, Hickey, Anne K, Palmer, Lauren D, Chang, Feng-Ming James, Bruce, Kevin A, Kehl-Fie, Thomas E, Skaar, Eric P, Giedroc, David P
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Society for Microbiology 01-05-2017
Subjects:	Bioavailability hydrogen sulfide nitric oxide nitroxyl persulfide Reactive nitrogen species Reactive oxygen species reactive sulfur species nitric oxide hydrogen sulfide transcriptomics nitroxyl reactive nitrogen species persulfide reactive sulfur species
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Summary:	is a commensal human pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. As gaseous signaling molecules, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H S) and nitric oxide (NO·) protect from antibiotic stress synergistically, which we propose involves the intermediacy of nitroxyl (HNO). Here, we examine the effect of exogenous sulfide and HNO on the transcriptome and the formation of low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiol persulfides of bacillithiol, cysteine, and coenzyme A as representative of reactive sulfur species (RSS) in wild-type and Δ strains of . CstR is a per- and polysulfide sensor that controls the expression of a sulfide oxidation and detoxification system. As anticipated, exogenous sulfide induces the operon but also indirectly represses much of the CymR regulon which controls cysteine metabolism. A zinc limitation response is also observed, linking sulfide homeostasis to zinc bioavailability. Cellular RSS levels impact the expression of a number of virulence factors, including the exotoxins, particularly apparent in the Δ strain. HNO, like sulfide, induces the operon as well as other genes regulated by exogenous sulfide, a finding that is traced to a direct reaction of CstR with HNO and to an endogenous perturbation in cellular RSS, possibly originating from disassembly of Fe-S clusters. More broadly, HNO induces a transcriptomic response to Fe overload, Cu toxicity, and reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and shares similarity with the regulon. This work reveals an H S/NO· interplay in that impacts transition metal homeostasis and virulence gene expression. Hydrogen sulfide (H S) is a toxic molecule and a recently described gasotransmitter in vertebrates whose function in bacteria is not well understood. In this work, we describe the transcriptomic response of the major human pathogen to quantified changes in levels of cellular organic reactive sulfur species, which are effector molecules involved in H S signaling. We show that nitroxyl (HNO), a recently described signaling intermediate proposed to originate from the interplay of H S and nitric oxide, also induces changes in cellular sulfur speciation and transition metal homeostasis, thus linking sulfide homeostasis to an adaptive response to antimicrobial reactive nitrogen species.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Citation Peng H, Shen J, Edmonds KA, Luebke JL, Hickey AK, Palmer LD, Chang F-MJ, Bruce KA, Kehl-Fie TE, Skaar EP, Giedroc DP. 2017. Sulfide homeostasis and nitroxyl intersect via formation of reactive sulfur species in Staphylococcus aureus. mSphere 2:e00082-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00082-17.
ISSN:	2379-5042 2379-5042
DOI:	10.1128/msphere.00082-17