Search Results - "Bretscher, Peter A."

The Problem of Host and Pathogen Genetic Variability for Developing Strategies of Universally Efficacious Vaccination against and Personalised Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis: Potential Solutions? by Bretscher, Peter A

“…Rational vaccination against and immunotherapy of any infectious disease requires knowledge of how protective and non-protective immune responses differ, and…”
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Analyzing some concepts of immune regulation of the last three decades: Fostering greater research resilience despite the information overload. A personal view by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…There is considerable interest in whether increased investment in science, made by society, pays dividends. Some plausibly argue the increased rate of…”
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Facing the Increased Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant M. tuberculosis : Exploring the Feasibility of Realising Koch's Aspiration of Immunotherapy of Tuberculosis by Bretscher, Peter A

“…Koch attempted to treat tuberculosis in the late 1800s by administering an antigenic extract derived from the pathogen to patients. He hoped to bolster the…”
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On antigen‐specific signals, immune class regulation and energetics: Report III from the workshops on foundational concepts of immune regulation by Anderson, Colin C., Bonney, Elizabeth A., Mueller, Thomas F., Corthay, Alexandre, Havele, Calliopi, Singh, Nevil J., Øynebråten, Inger, Bretscher, Peter A.

“…This is a report from a one‐week workshop held in Athens, Greece in July of 2022. The workshop aimed to identify emerging concepts relevant to the fundamentals…”
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Internal regulation between constitutively expressed T cell co-inhibitory receptors BTLA and CD5 and tolerance in recent thymic emigrants by Adegoke, Adeolu O, Thangavelu, Govindarajan, Chou, Ting-Fang, Petersen, Marcos I, Kakugawa, Kiyokazu, May, Julia F, Joannou, Kevin, Wang, Qingyang, Ellestad, Kristofor K, Boon, Louis, Bretscher, Peter A, Cheroutre, Hilde, Kronenberg, Mitchell, Baldwin, Troy A, Anderson, Colin C

“…Immunologic self-tolerance involves signals from co-inhibitory receptors. Several T cell co-inhibitors, including PD-1, are expressed upon activation, whereas…”
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A Two-Step, Two-Signal Model for the Primary Activation of Precursor Helper T Cells by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…I present here a new model for the primary activation of precursor helper T cells. Observations demonstrate that the immune system learns not to respond to…”
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Antigen presenting B cells facilitate CD4 T cell cooperation resulting in enhanced generation of effector and memory CD4 T cells by Kroeger, David R, Rudulier, Christopher D, Bretscher, Peter A

“…We show that the in vivo generation of cytokine-producing CD4 T cells specific for a given major histocompatibility class-II (MHCII)-binding peptide of hen egg…”
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The role of cytokines in determining the Th1/Th2 phenotype of an immune response: Coherence of the T cell response and the Cytokine Implementation Hypothesis by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…The widely accepted Cytokine Milieu Hypothesis proposes that the cytokine milieu, in which antigen activates CD4 T cells, from a non‐T cell source, primarily…”
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The historical postulate: Is it the basis, at the level of the system, for self‐nonself discrimination? by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…Burnet envisaged the early presence of self‐antigens in development, or ‘the history’ of an animal, ablates the animal's ability to immunologically respond…”
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An integrated view of immunological tolerance by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…I summarize how diverse mechanisms may contribute to self‐tolerance, and how an appreciation of their interdependence is necessary to understand how they…”
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The history of the two‐signal model of lymphocyte activation: A personal perspective by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…The first ideas leading to The Two‐Signal Model of lymphocyte activation were published 50 years ago, but the model was not realized in one sitting. I describe…”
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A Plausible Framework Reveals Potential Similarities in the Regulation of Immunity against Some Cancers and Some Infectious Agents: Implications for Prevention and Treatment by Bretscher, Peter A

“…Different frameworks, which are currently employed to understand how immune responses are regulated, can account for different observations reported in the…”
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Direct demonstration of CD4 T cell cooperation in the primary in vivo generation of CD4 effector T cells by Kroeger, David R, Rudulier, Christopher D, Peters, Nathan C, Bretscher, Peter A

“…Many observations bear upon the cellular and molecular requirements for CD4 T cell activation. The interaction of CD4 T cells with dendritic cells (DC),…”
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Does T Cell Activation Require a Quorum of Lymphocytes? by Al-Yassin, Ghassan A, Bretscher, Peter A

“…Recent reports suggest a quorum of T cells is required to activate T lymphocytes and that this requirement may help explain why scarce lymphocytes, specific…”
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CD4 T cell cooperation is required for the in vivo activation of CD4 T cells by Peters, Nathan C., Kroeger, David R., Mickelwright, Steven, Bretscher, Peter A.

“…We address here the role of CD4 T cell cooperation in the activation of CD4 T cells. Administration of aggregated hen egg lysozyme (HEL) without microbial…”
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Is the Framework of Cohn's ‘Tritope Model’ for How T Cell Receptors Recognize Peptide/Self‐MHC Complexes and Allo‐MHC Plausible? by Bretscher, Peter A.

“…Cohn has developed the tritope model to describe how distinct domains of the T cell receptor (TcR) recognize peptide/self‐MHC complexes and allo‐MHC. He has…”
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Can interruption/withdrawl of anti‐retroviral therapy provide personalized immunotherapy against HIV‐1? by Bretscher, Peter A., Al‐Yassin, Ghassan

“…We propose a treatment of HIV‐1+ individuals designed to harness protective immunity, lead to viral containment, and so render the individual minimally…”
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On T cell development, T cell signals, T cell specificity and sensitivity, and the autoimmunity facilitated by lymphopenia by Bretscher, Peter A., Al‐Yassin, Ghassan, Anderson, Colin C.

“…We propose a framework to explain how T cells achieve specificity and sensitivity, how the affinity of the TcR peptide/MHC interaction controls positive and…”
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On how the immune system preferentially interacts with antigen‐specific molecules bound to antigen over unbound molecules, with emphasis on B cell receptor signalling by Bretscher, Peter A., Al‐Yassin, Ghassan A.

“…Antigen‐specific molecules of the immune system, namely antibodies, the membrane immunoglobulins (mIgs) of B cells and T cell receptors (TcRs), can all signal…”
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Activation of thymic T cells by MHC alloantigen requires syngeneic, activated CD4+ T cells and B cells as APC by Strutt, Tara M, Uzonna, Jude, McKinstry, Karl K, Bretscher, Peter A

“…We examine here the in vitro requirements to activate immunocompetent T cells, present among thymocytes, to give rise to CTL, CD4+ T cells producing IL-2 and…”
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