Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late 2002

Outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza have occurred in Hong Kong in chickens and other gallinaceous poultry in 1997, 2001, twice in 2002 and 2003. High mortality rates were seen in gallinaceous birds but not in domestic or wild waterfowl or other wild birds until late 2002 when highly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Avian pathology Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 492 - 505
Main Authors:	Ellis, T.M, Bousfield, R.B, Bissett, L.A, Dyrting, K.C, Luk, G.S.M, Tsim, S.T, Sturm-Ramirez, K, Webster, R.G, Guan, Y, Peiris, J.S.M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis 01-10-2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:	Animals Ardea Ardea cinerea Aves avian influenza Avian influenza virus Bird Diseases - epidemiology Bird Diseases - transmission Bird Diseases - virology Birds chickens Columba livia Communicable Disease Control culling (animals) disease outbreaks Disease Outbreaks - veterinary disease surveillance ducks Egretta Egretta garzetta geese Hong Kong Immunoassay - veterinary Immunoenzyme Techniques - veterinary Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza A virus - pathogenicity Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - transmission Larus Larus ridibundus Ornithology Passer Passer montanus pathogenicity Pathology Phoenicopterus Phoenicopterus ruber pigeons Poultry quarantine Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary sanitation swans vaccination wild birds wildlife management China Hong Kong
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Summary:	Outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza have occurred in Hong Kong in chickens and other gallinaceous poultry in 1997, 2001, twice in 2002 and 2003. High mortality rates were seen in gallinaceous birds but not in domestic or wild waterfowl or other wild birds until late 2002 when highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza occurred in waterfowl (geese, ducks and swans), captive Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) and other wild birds (Little Egret Egretta garzetta) at two waterfowl parks and from two dead wild Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) and a Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) in Hong Kong. H5N1 avian influenza virus was also isolated from a dead feral pigeon (Columba livia) and a dead tree sparrow (Passer montanus) during the second outbreak. The first waterfowl outbreak was controlled by immediate strict quarantine and depopulation 1 week before the second outbreak commenced. Control measures implemented for the second outbreak included strict isolation, culling, increased sanitation and vaccination. Outbreaks in gallinaceous birds occurred in some live poultry markets concurrently with the second waterfowl outbreak, and infection on a chicken farm was detected 1 week after the second waterfowl park outbreak was detected, on the same day the second grey heron case was detected. Subsequent virus surveillance showed the outbreaks had been contained.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0307-9457 1465-3338
DOI:	10.1080/03079450400003601