Levels of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Se and Zn in bovine kidneys and livers in Jamaica

Paired liver and kidney samples from 100 free-range cattle in different parts of Jamaica were analyzed for essential and non-essential trace elements. We found significant enrichment of elements in the kidney (K) compared to the liver (L) with the K/L concentration ratios being 5.2 for Cd, 4.1 for P...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol. 72; no. 2; pp. 564 - 571
Main Authors:	Nriagu, Jerome, Boughanen, Mazen, Linder, Aaron, Howe, Andrea, Grant, Charles, Rattray, Robin, Vutchkov, Mitko, Lalor, Gerald
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01-02-2009
Subjects:	Animals Arsenic - metabolism Arsenic - toxicity Bovine kidney Bovine liver Cattle Copper deficiency Essential trace elements Exposure risk Inter-element relationships Jamaica Kidney - drug effects Kidney - metabolism Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Metals, Heavy - metabolism Metals, Heavy - toxicity Non-essential trace elements Risk Assessment Selenium - metabolism Selenium - toxicity Soil cadmium Soil Pollutants - chemistry Soil Pollutants - metabolism Soil Pollutants - toxicity Zinc metabolism Jamaica Soil cadmium Zinc metabolism Exposure risk Non-essential trace elements Inter-element relationships Bovine liver Copper deficiency Essential trace elements Bovine kidney
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Summary:	Paired liver and kidney samples from 100 free-range cattle in different parts of Jamaica were analyzed for essential and non-essential trace elements. We found significant enrichment of elements in the kidney (K) compared to the liver (L) with the K/L concentration ratios being 5.2 for Cd, 4.1 for Pb, 3.5 for Se and 2.1 for As, but the Cu contents of the kidney were significantly higher with the K/L ratio of 0.45. A large number of kidney and liver samples showed Cu concentrations in the ranges that were associated with deficiency effects in mammals. About 15% of the hepatic samples had Zn concentrations below 20 μg/g, suggesting that there might be zinc insufficiency in some of the animals. Positive associations were found between the metals in both the kidney and liver. On average, the intake of Cd from consumption of both bovine kidney and liver from the island was estimated to be 5.2 μg/day, equivalent to about 7% of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), although anyone who habitually consumed the few kidneys or livers with >40 μg/g cadmium may be at some risk of exceeding the PTDI. The consumption of offal from local animals did not appear to be an important dietary source of any of the essential microelements.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0147-6513 1090-2414
DOI:	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.001