Combining modeling and experimental approaches for developing rice–oil palm agroforestry systems

Abstract Monoculture systems in South East Asia are facing challenges due to climate change-induced extreme weather conditions, leading to significant annual production losses in rice and oil palm. To ensure the stability of these crops, innovative strategies like resilient agroforestry systems need...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of experimental botany Vol. 75; no. 13; pp. 4074 - 4092
Main Authors:	Perez, Raphaël P A, Vezy, Rémi, Bordon, Romain, Laisné, Thomas, Roques, Sandrine, Rebolledo, Maria-Camila, Rouan, Lauriane, Fabre, Denis, Gibert, Olivier, De Raissac, Marcel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	UK Oxford University Press 10-07-2024 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subjects:	Agricultural sciences Agriculture - methods Arecaceae - growth & development Arecaceae - physiology Computer Science Crops, Agricultural - growth & development Crops, Agricultural - physiology Forestry - methods Life Sciences Modeling and Simulation Models, Biological Oryza - growth & development Oryza - physiology Sciences and technics of agriculture Silviculture, forestry shading light intensity rice light fluctuation yield Agroforestry Light intensity Shading Light fluctuation Yield Rice
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Summary:	Abstract Monoculture systems in South East Asia are facing challenges due to climate change-induced extreme weather conditions, leading to significant annual production losses in rice and oil palm. To ensure the stability of these crops, innovative strategies like resilient agroforestry systems need to be explored. Converting oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) monocultures to rice (Oryza sativa)-based intercropping systems shows promise, but achieving optimal yields requires adjusting palm density and identifying rice varieties adapted to changes in light quantity and diurnal fluctuation. This paper proposes a methodology that combines a model of light interception with indoor experiments to assess the feasibility of rice–oil palm agroforestry systems. Using a functional–structural plant model of oil palm, the planting design was optimized to maximize transmitted light for rice. Simulation results estimated the potential impact on oil palm carbon assimilation and transpiration. In growth chambers, simulated light conditions were replicated with adjustments to intensity and daily fluctuation. Three light treatments independently evaluated the effects of light intensity and fluctuation on different rice accessions. The simulation study revealed intercropping designs that significantly increased light transmission for rice cultivation with minimal decrease in oil palm densities compared with conventional designs. The results estimated a loss in oil palm productivity of less than 10%, attributed to improved carbon assimilation and water use efficiency. Changes in rice plant architecture were primarily influenced by light quantity, while variations in yield components were attributed to light fluctuations. Different rice accessions exhibited diverse responses to light fluctuations, indicating the potential for selecting genotypes suitable for agroforestry systems. In rice–oil palm agroforestry systems, rice can be provided with adequate light without substantially reducing oil palm density if suitable rice genotypes are selected.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-0957 1460-2431 1460-2431
DOI:	10.1093/jxb/erae137