Hydrological hazards in Russia: origin, classification, changes and risk assessment

Hydrological extreme events pose an imminent risk to society and economics. In this paper, various aspects of hydrological hazards in Russia are analysed at different scales of risk assessment. It is shown that the number of hydrological and meteorological hazards in Russia has been growing every ye...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Natural hazards (Dordrecht) Vol. 88; no. Suppl 1; pp. 103 - 131
Main Authors:	Frolova, N. L., Kireeva, M. B., Magrickiy, D. V., Bologov, M. B., Kopylov, V. N., Hall, J., Semenov, V. A., Kosolapov, A. E., Dorozhkin, E. V., Korobkina, E. A., Rets, E. P., Akutina, Y., Djamalov, R. G., Efremova, N. A., Sazonov, A. A., Agafonova, S. A., Belyakova, P. A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-08-2017 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Brackishwater environment Civil Engineering Classification Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Economic impact Economics Environmental Management Environmental risk Estuaries Estuarine environments Flood hazards Flood management Flood risk Flooding Floods Future water resources Geophysics/Geodesy Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hazard assessment Hydrogeology Hydrology Ice jams Low flow Natural Hazards Original Research Paper Periodicity Regulated rivers Resource management Risk assessment River regulations Rivers Runoff Surges Territory Vulnerability Water management Water resources Weather hazards Hydrological hazards Droughts Risk assessment Extreme hydrological events Low flow Floods Russia
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Summary:	Hydrological extreme events pose an imminent risk to society and economics. In this paper, various aspects of hydrological hazards in Russia are analysed at different scales of risk assessment. It is shown that the number of hydrological and meteorological hazards in Russia has been growing every year. The frequency of economic losses associated with extreme low flow in this century has increased by factor five compared to the last decade of the previous century. With regard to floods, an interesting spatial patter can be observed. On the one hand, the number of floods in the Asian part of the country has increased, whereas on the other hand, the number and intensity of floods in estuarine areas in the European part of Russia have significantly reduced since the middle of the twentieth century, especially in the 2000s. This decrease can be attributed to runoff flooding in the mouths of regulated rivers, with an effective system of flood and ice jam protection. The analysis shows that there is an 8–12-year periodicity in the number of flood occurrences and that flood surges have intensified over the last 110 years, especially on the European territory of Russia. An integrated index that accounts for flood hazards and socio-economic vulnerability was calculated for each region of Russia. A classification of flood risk was also developed, taking into account more than 20 hydrological and social–economic characteristics. Based on these characteristics, hazard and vulnerability maps for entire Russia were generated which can be used for water management and the development of future water resources plans.
ISSN:	0921-030X 1573-0840
DOI:	10.1007/s11069-016-2632-2