Micronutrient status and its effect on glycaemic indices in type 2 diabetics with foot ulcer in Ibadan, Nigeria

Micronutrients are required by organisms in trace concentrations sufficient to maintain homeostasis. Deficiency of these elements could result in different medical and metabolic abnormalities. There are limited data on micronutrient status in type 2 diabetics with foot ulcer (DM+FU). Premised on thi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	African journal of medicine and medical sciences Vol. 45; no. 1; p. 83
Main Authors:	Bolajokol, E B, Akinosui, O M, Anetor, J I, Mossanda, K S
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nigeria 01-05-2016
Subjects:	Adult Ascorbic Acid Deficiency - blood Ascorbic Acid Deficiency - epidemiology Blood Glucose - analysis Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism Diabetic Foot - blood Diabetic Foot - epidemiology Diabetic Foot - etiology Female Glycemic Index - physiology Humans Male Micronutrients - blood Micronutrients - deficiency Middle Aged Nigeria - epidemiology Selenium - blood Selenium - deficiency Vitamin E Deficiency - blood Vitamin E Deficiency - epidemiology
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Summary:	Micronutrients are required by organisms in trace concentrations sufficient to maintain homeostasis. Deficiency of these elements could result in different medical and metabolic abnormalities. There are limited data on micronutrient status in type 2 diabetics with foot ulcer (DM+FU). Premised on this, this study investigated micronutrient levels of DM+FU and examined their effects on glycaemic indices. One hundred and twenty participants, comprising seventy DM+FU and fifty non-diabetic participants (controls) aged 40-60 years, were recruited for the study. Ten millilitres of fasting blood samples were collected from each participant after obtaining their consent and levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, copper, selenium, zinc, FPG and HbAlc were measured. The data were analyzed using 't'- test and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Statistical significant was considered at p<0.05. FPG and HbAlc were significantly higher in DM+FU (12.98±0.43 mmol/l; 8.63±0.24 %) than in controls (5.09±0.08 mmol/l; 4.08±0.11 %). Vitamin C (3.7610.43 vs. 5.57±0.43 ptmol/l; p=0.003), vitamin E (19.57±1.01 vs. 25.57±0.27 pLimol/l; p=0.000) and selenium (0.48±0.01 vs. 0.81±0.04 srmol/l; p=0.000) were substantially lower in DM+FU compared with controls. However, no significant changes were observed when levels of copper and zinc were compared in all participants. Data revealed inverse associations between micronutrients and glycaemic indices (vitamin C/ FPG: (r= 0.250, p=0.037); Cu/HbA Ic: (r= 0.131, p=0.365)). Diabetics with foot ulcer were observed to be deficient in selenium, vitamin C and vitamin E. Therefore, type 2 diabetics with foot ulcer should be advised and encouraged to take more of leafy green vegetables and unsweetened fruits.
ISSN:	0309-3913