Chronic cholinergic stimulation promotes changes in cardiovascular autonomic control in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract Hypertension is often accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, which is detrimental to cardiac regulation. On the other hand, cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase appears to have beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic control. Thus, our objective was to investiga...

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Published in:	Autonomic neuroscience Vol. 193; pp. 97 - 103
Main Authors:	Blanco, João H.D, Gastaldi, Ada C, Gardim, Camila B, Araujo, João E, Simões, Marcus V, Oliveira, Luciano F.L, Carvalho, Eduardo E.V, Souza, Hugo C.D
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-12-2015
Subjects:	Advanced Basic Science Animals Autonomic Nervous System - drug effects Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology Baroreflex - drug effects Baroreflex - physiology Blood Pressure - drug effects Blood Pressure - physiology Cardiovascular autonomic control Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology Disease Models, Animal Heart Rate - drug effects Heart Rate - physiology Hypertension Hypertension - physiopathology Male Medical Education Pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide - pharmacology Rats, Inbred SHR Rats, Inbred WKY Stroke Volume - drug effects Stroke Volume - physiology Vagus Nerve - drug effects Vagus Nerve - physiopathology Hypertension Cardiovascular autonomic control Pyridostigmine bromide
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Summary:	Abstract Hypertension is often accompanied by autonomic dysfunction, which is detrimental to cardiac regulation. On the other hand, cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase appears to have beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic control. Thus, our objective was to investigate the effects of chronic cholinergic stimulation on hemodynamic and cardiovascular autonomic control parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). For this, 26-week-old SHR (N = 32) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WK; N = 32) were divided into two groups: one treated with vehicle (H2 O; N = 16) and the other treated with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR; N = 16) in drinking water (25 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. All groups were subjected to recording of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), quantification of ejection fraction (EF), evaluation of cardiac tonic autonomic balance by means of double autonomic blockade with methylatropine and propranolol, analysis of systolic AP (SAP) and HR variability (HRV), and evaluation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). AP, HR, and EF were reduced in the SHR-PYR group compared with the SHR-H2 O group. Evaluation of autonomic parameters revealed an increase in vagal tone participation in cardiac tonic autonomic balance and reduced SAP variability; however, no changes were observed in HRV or BRS. These results suggest that chronic cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine bromide promotes reduction in the hemodynamic parameters AP, HR, and EF. Additionally, tonic autonomic balance was improved and a reduction in LF oscillations of SAP variability was observed that could not be attributed to BRS, as the latter did not change. Further studies should be conducted to identify the mechanisms involved in the observed responses.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1566-0702 1872-7484
DOI:	10.1016/j.autneu.2015.09.002