Growth, Metabolic, Hepatic and Redox Parameters, Digestive Enzymes and Innate Immunity in Mugil liza Fed a Citral-Supplemented Diet

Growth, Metabolic, Hepatic and Redox Parameters, Digestive Enzymes and Innate Immunity in Mugil liza Fed a Citral-Supplemented Diet

Mugil liza juveniles (6.69 ± 0.06 g) were subjected to dietary citral (0-control, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL per kg feed) for 45 days, and its possible effects on zootechnical and metabolic parameters, digestive enzymes, innate immunity, oxidative status and liver damage were evaluated. At the end of the e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Fishes Vol. 9; no. 6; p. 240
Main Authors: Mori, Natacha C., Michelotti, Bruna T., Magnotti, Caio C. F., Bressan, Caroline A., Bianchin, Letícia B., Sutili, Fernando J., Almeida, Ana Paula G., Kreutz, Luiz C., Pavanato, Maria A., Cerqueira, Vinicius R., da Costa, Silvio T., Baldisserotto, Bernardo, Heinzmann, Berta M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-06-2024
Subjects:
Alanine
Alanine transaminase
Alkalinity
Aspartate aminotransferase
Brain
Citral
Diet
Digestive enzymes
Efficiency
Enzymes
Feeds
Fish
Gills
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione transferase
hepatic biomarkers
Histology
Innate immunity
intestinal enzymes
Liver
Marine fishes
Metabolism
monoterpenoids
Mugil liza
Mullet
myeloperoxidase
oxidative stress
Parameters
Pepsin
Plasma levels
Proteins
Stomach
Water quality
Brazil
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Summary:Mugil liza juveniles (6.69 ± 0.06 g) were subjected to dietary citral (0-control, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL per kg feed) for 45 days, and its possible effects on zootechnical and metabolic parameters, digestive enzymes, innate immunity, oxidative status and liver damage were evaluated. At the end of the experiment, fish fed 2.0 mL citral per kg feed showed a greater weight gain and protein retention efficiency, as well as enhanced activities of pepsin (stomach) and amylase (intestine) compared with control fish. Citral supplementation decreased liver lipoperoxidation and increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase in the gills, liver and brain. The highest level of citral inclusion augmented non-protein thiol content in the brain and gills. Myeloperoxidase activity was lower in fish offered 1.0 and 2.0 mL citral per kg feed. Dietary citral did not influence the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase or the hepatic histology. As it improved growth, the activity of digestive enzymes and general health, dietary citral may be recommended for M. liza at 2.0 mL per kg feed.
ISSN:2410-3888
2410-3888
DOI:10.3390/fishes9060240