Field evaluation of soybean genotypes selected for enhanced capacity to nodulate and fix nitrogen in the presence of nitrate

The development of cultivars of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) which are capable of near-maximum levels of N₂ fixation in high-NO₃ soils remains a high priority in N₂ fixation research. We report a field study to evaluate nodulation and N₂ fixation by 32 genotypes of soybean, selected after two year...

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Published in:	Plant and soil Vol. 110; no. 1; pp. 129 - 135
Main Authors:	Herridge, D.F. (New South Wales Dept. of Agriculture, Tamworth, N.S.W. (Australia). Agricultural Research Centre), Betts, J.H
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers 01-08-1988 Springer
Subjects:	Adaptation to environment and cultivation conditions Agricultural soils Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences Bradyrhizobium japonicum FIJACION DEL NITROGENO FIXATION DE L'AZOTE FORMATION DE NODOSITES Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetics and breeding of economic plants Genotypes GLYCINE MAX NITRATE NITRATES NITRATOS NITROGEN FIXATION NODULACION Nodulation Nodules Plants ROOT NODULATION Seed productivity Soybeans Symbiosis Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims Xylem Origin Ureid New South Wales Exudate Xylem Tropical zone Bradyrhizobium japonicum Nitrates Field experiment Oceania Dicotyledones Angiospermae Nitrogen fixation Bacteria Korea Ability Symbiosis Symbionte Nodulation Tolerance Genotype Varietal selection Glycine max Oil plant(vegetal) Edaphic factor Soils Type Leguminosae Asia Spermatophyta Rhizobiaceae Australia Cultivar
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Summary:	The development of cultivars of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) which are capable of near-maximum levels of N₂ fixation in high-NO₃ soils remains a high priority in N₂ fixation research. We report a field study to evaluate nodulation and N₂ fixation by 32 genotypes of soybean, selected after two years of glasshouse screening for superior symbiotic activity in the presence of 2.5 mM $NO_3^ - $. The 32 "$NO_3^ - $-tolerant" genotypes and eight others (three commercial "check" cultivars and five "non-fixing" lines) were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809 and sown into a black earth soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) which contained high levels of soil $NO_3^ - $ (260 kg N ha⁻¹; 0 to 120 cm depth) and which was free of soybean rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation activity was assessed at 89 days after sowing using the relative abundance of ureides in xylem exúdate [(ureide-N/ureide-N + $NO_3^ - $-N + x amino-N) x 100] as an index of fixation. Plant growth and nodulation were assessed 11 days later. Genotypes 466, 468, 469 and 464, all of Korean origin, showed the highest levels of symbiotic activity. Many of the remaining 28 "tolerant" genotypes nodulated poorly in the field and displayed levels of N₂ fixation (relative ureides) which were equivalent to two of the commercial "check" cultivars, Bragg and Elf. Correlation matrices of the measured parameters revealed highly significant correlations among the indices of nodulation and N₂ fixation and poor correlation between those measurements and plant growth-seed yield. The levels of $NO_3^ - $ tolerance, displayed by the four Korean lines, may prove useful in breeding programs which aim to enhance N₂ fixation by soybean in high-$NO_3^ - $ soils.
Bibliography:	P34 8804571 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0032-079X 1573-5036
DOI:	10.1007/BF02143548