Simultaneous co-infection with swine influenza A and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses potentiates adaptive immune responses

Porcine respiratory disease is multifactorial and most commonly involves pathogen co-infections. Major contributors include swine influenza A (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) viruses. Experimental co-infection studies with these two viruses have shown that clinical o...

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Published in:	Frontiers in immunology Vol. 14; p. 1192604
Main Authors:	Chrun, Tiphany, Maze, Emmanuel A, Roper, Kelly J, Vatzia, Eleni, Paudyal, Basudev, McNee, Adam, Martini, Veronica, Manjegowda, Tanuja, Freimanis, Graham, Silesian, Adrian, Polo, Noemi, Clark, Becky, Besell, Emily, Booth, Georges, Carr, Brigid Veronica, Edmans, Matthew, Nunez, Alejandro, Koonpaew, Surapong, Wanasen, Nanchaya, Graham, Simon P, Tchilian, Elma
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 23-05-2023
Subjects:	Animals Coinfection Humans immune response Immunity Immunology Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype Influenza, Human pig Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus Swine swine influenza A virus viral co-infection swine influenza A virus viral co-infection immune response porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus pig
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Summary:	Porcine respiratory disease is multifactorial and most commonly involves pathogen co-infections. Major contributors include swine influenza A (swIAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) viruses. Experimental co-infection studies with these two viruses have shown that clinical outcomes can be exacerbated, but how innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to pathogenesis and pathogen control has not been thoroughly evaluated. We investigated immune responses following experimental simultaneous co-infection of pigs with swIAV H3N2 and PRRSV-2. Our results indicated that clinical disease was not significantly exacerbated, and swIAV H3N2 viral load was reduced in the lung of the co-infected animals. PRRSV-2/swIAV H3N2 co-infection did not impair the development of virus-specific adaptive immune responses. swIAV H3N2-specific IgG serum titers and PRRSV-2-specific CD8β T-cell responses in blood were enhanced. Higher proportions of polyfunctional CD8β T-cell subset in both blood and lung washes were found in PRRSV-2/swIAV H3N2 co-infected animals compared to the single-infected groups. Our findings provide evidence that systemic and local host immune responses are not negatively affected by simultaneous swIAV H3N2/PRRSV-2 co-infection, raising questions as to the mechanisms involved in disease modulation.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors have contributed equally to this work and share senior authorship Edited by: Llilianne Ganges, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Spain Reviewed by: Jodi L. McGill, Iowa State University, United States; Felix Ngosa Toka, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Saint Kitts and Nevis
ISSN:	1664-3224 1664-3224
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192604