Oral Transmission of Primate Lentiviruses

Oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is well documented in children who become infected postnatally through breast milk. In contrast, epidemiologic surveys have yielded conflicting data regarding oral HIV-1 transmission among adults, even though case reports have describe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 179; no. Supplement-3; pp. S408 - S412
Main Authors:	Ruprecht, Ruth M., Baba, Timothy W., Liska, Vladimir, Ray, Nancy B., Martin, Louis N., Murphey-Corb, Michael, Rizvi, Tahir A., Bernacky, Bruce J., Bernacky, Michale E., McClure, Harold M., Andersen, Janet
Format:	Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:	English
Published:	Chicago, IL The University of Chicago Press 01-05-1999 University of Chicago Press Oxford University Press
Subjects:	Age Factors AIDS AIDS/HIV Animals Biological and medical sciences Cloning, Molecular Disease transmission Experimental viral diseases and models HIV HIV 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Immunization, Passive Infants Infections Infectious diseases Inoculation Macaca mulatta Macaca rhesus Medical sciences Mouth Mucosa - virology Primates Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - prevention & control Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - transmission Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology Simian immunodeficiency virus Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - pathogenicity Transcriptional regulatory elements Vaccination Viral diseases Viral Proteins - genetics Viral Proteins - immunology Viruses Immunopathology Animal model Monkey Oral administration Retroviridae AIDS Macaca mulatta Review Immune deficiency Lentivirus Infection Virus Vertebrata Experimental disease Mammalia Transmission from animal to animal Viral disease Newborn animal Adult animal Risk factor Primates Simioidea Simian immunodeficiency virus
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Summary:	Oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is well documented in children who become infected postnatally through breast milk. In contrast, epidemiologic surveys have yielded conflicting data regarding oral HIV-1 transmission among adults, even though case reports have described seroconversion and the development of AIDS in adults whose only risk was oral-genital contact. To study oral virus transmission in primate models, we exposed rhesus macaques of various ages to cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), including uncloned and molecularly cloned viruses. In neonates, viremia and AIDS developed after nontraumatic oral exposure to several SIV strains. Furthermore, chimeric simian human immunodeficiency viruses containing the HIV-1 envelope can also cross intact upper gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces in neonates. In adult macaques, infection and AIDS have resulted from well-controlled, nontraumatic, experimental oral exposure to different strains of SIV. These findings have implications for the risks of HIV-1 transmission during oral-genital contact.
Bibliography:	istex:805B0B9B6E9CB462F673C23C38E0C0B6608B09AE Current affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ark:/67375/HXZ-WZX7PT92-5 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0022-1899 1537-6613
DOI:	10.1086/314794