Urinary Exosomal MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Obesity-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease

The early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is key to reducing the burden of disease and rising costs of care. This need has spurred interest in finding new biomarkers for CKD. Ideal bi-omarkers for CKD should be: easy to measure; stable; reliably detected, even when interfering substances a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 11; no. 18; p. 5271
Main Authors:	Earle, Angel, Bessonny, Madison, Benito, Josh, Huang, Kun, Parker, Hannah, Tyler, Emily, Crawford, Brittany, Khan, Nabeeha, Armstrong, Bridget, Stamatikos, Alexis, Garimella, Sudha, Clay-Gilmour, Alyssa
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 07-09-2022 MDPI
Subjects:	Biomarkers Clinical medicine Diabetes Inflammation Kidney diseases Kidney transplants MicroRNAs Obesity Review Urine
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Summary:	The early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is key to reducing the burden of disease and rising costs of care. This need has spurred interest in finding new biomarkers for CKD. Ideal bi-omarkers for CKD should be: easy to measure; stable; reliably detected, even when interfering substances are present; site-specific based on the type of injury (tubules vs. glomeruli); and its changes in concentration should correlate with disease risk or outcome. Currently, no single can-didate biomarker fulfills these criteria effectively, and the mechanisms underlying kidney fibrosis are not fully understood; however, there is growing evidence in support of microRNA-mediated pro-cesses. Specifically, urinary exosomal microRNAs may serve as biomarkers for kidney fibrosis. In-creasing incidences of obesity and the recognition of obesity-associated CKD have increased interest in the interplay of obesity and CKD. In this review, we provide: (1) an overview of the current scope of CKD biomarkers within obese individuals to elucidate the genetic pathways unique to obesi-ty-related CKD; (2) a review of microRNA expression in obese individuals with kidney fibrosis in the presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension; (3) a review of thera-peutic processes, such as diet and exercise, that may influence miR-expression in obesity-associated CKD; (4) a review of the technical aspects of urinary exosome isolation; and (5) future areas of research.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	2077-0383 2077-0383
DOI:	10.3390/jcm11185271