Analysis of human bone fluid inside the trabecular bone by GC–MS

[Display omitted] •Bone fluid constitute by 90.3 % ±1.8 of lipids.•A total of twenty-one constituents were identified by GC–MS.•The most important was methyl oleate, a positional isomer of oleic acid which represent 41.85 %.•Bone fluid contains methyl palmitate (16.26 %), oleic acid (14.30 %), methy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Microchemical journal Vol. 203; p. 110885
Main Authors:	Benhmida, Saida, Salhi, Dorra, Mahjoubi, Halima, Trabelsi, Hedi, Hichem Hamzaoui, Ahmed, Essaddam, Hamza
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01-08-2024
Subjects:	Bone fluid Bone grafts Bone remodeling GC–MS Knee cancellous bone Bone grafts GC–MS Bone fluid Bone remodeling Knee cancellous bone
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Summary:	[Display omitted] •Bone fluid constitute by 90.3 % ±1.8 of lipids.•A total of twenty-one constituents were identified by GC–MS.•The most important was methyl oleate, a positional isomer of oleic acid which represent 41.85 %.•Bone fluid contains methyl palmitate (16.26 %), oleic acid (14.30 %), methyl stearate (5.92 %), methyl palmitoleate (3.45 %), palmitic acid (3.23 %), 7H benzocycloheptene (3.04 %), cholesterol (2.76 %), methyl myristate (1.4 %), 11-Eicosenoic acid methyl ester (1.01 %).•This new information can help researchers and specialists in the field of orthopedic medicine and the medical industry by improving models of bone, implants and arthroplasty with real experimental data. Poor compatibility between bone substitutes and natural bone can lead to microbial contamination during implant surgery. To avoid this contagion, you must have convenient integration between the bone substitute and the bone and its different components, including the bone fluid within the pore space of the trabecular bone. This fluid plays a vital role in mechano-transduction and bone remodeling. Nonetheless, its chemical composition remains largely unknown.This studyaimsto identify the chemical composition of the human bone fluid inside the pore space of trabecular boneusing the GC–MS method.Thus, a fluid extraction was conducted through mechanical compression testing using a LLOYD “EZ50” machine, with samples retrieved using a syringe. After centrifugation, total lipidswere extracted, and fatty acids were methylated to enhance volatility and stability. Sampleswere then storedat −20 °C until analysis. The lipid constitutes about 90 % of the bone structure. We identified twenty-one elements. The most important was methyl oleate, which represents 41.85 %. It contains methyl palmitate (16.26 %), oleic acid (14.30 %), methyl stearate (5.92 %), methyl palmitoleate (3.45 %), palmitic acid (3.23 %), 7H-benzocycloheptene (3.04 %), cholesterol (2.76 %), methyl myristate (1.4 %) and 11-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester (1.01 %). Bone fluid resembles yellow bone marrow. This study is the first to provide a bone fluid composition analysis. It leads us to integrate this information to improve models for solid–fluid interactions within cancellous bones, the interactions between this fluid and the bone cells, and the bone remodeling mechanism to better understand these phenomena and advance orthopedic medicine.
ISSN:	0026-265X
DOI:	10.1016/j.microc.2024.110885