Alternative Non-Mammalian Animal and Cellular Methods for the Study of Host-Fungal Interactions

Alternative Non-Mammalian Animal and Cellular Methods for the Study of Host-Fungal Interactions

In the study of fungal pathogenesis, alternative methods have gained prominence due to recent global legislation restricting the use of mammalian animals in research. The principle of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) is integrated into regulations and guidelines governing animal exp...

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Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 9; p. 943
Main Authors: Fusco-Almeida, Ana Marisa, de Matos Silva, Samanta, Dos Santos, Kelvin Sousa, de Lima Gualque, Marcos William, Vaso, Carolina Orlando, Carvalho, Angélica Romão, Medina-Alarcón, Kaila Petrolina, Pires, Ana Carolina Moreira da Silva, Belizario, Jenyffie Araújo, de Souza Fernandes, Lígia, Moroz, Andrei, Martinez, Luis R, Ruiz, Orville Hernandez, González, Ángel, Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19-09-2023
MDPI
Subjects:
alternative methods
Analysis
Animal experimentation
Animal models
Antifungal agents
C. elegans
Cell culture
Cell cycle
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Danio rerio
Embryos
Fungal infections
Galleria mellonella
Hydrogels
Laboratory animals
Medical research
Methods
Pathogenesis
Physiology
Review
Spheroids
Stem cells
T. molitor
three-dimensional culture
Toxicity
three-dimensional culture
alternative methods
C. elegans
Galleria mellonella
T. molitor
Danio rerio
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Summary:In the study of fungal pathogenesis, alternative methods have gained prominence due to recent global legislation restricting the use of mammalian animals in research. The principle of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) is integrated into regulations and guidelines governing animal experimentation in nearly all countries. This principle advocates substituting vertebrate animals with other invertebrate organisms, embryos, microorganisms, or cell cultures. This review addresses host-fungus interactions by employing three-dimensional (3D) cultures, which offer more faithful replication of the in vivo environment, and by utilizing alternative animal models to replace traditional mammals. Among these alternative models, species like and share approximately 75% of their genes with humans. Furthermore, models such as and demonstrate similarities in their innate immune systems as well as anatomical and physiological barriers, resembling those found in mammalian organisms.
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ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof9090943