Impact of the reduction of environmental and equipment contamination on vancomycin-resistant enterococcus rates

More than 1,500 perirectal swab cultures and 552 environmental and equipment cultures were collected during the study period. Enterococcus faecium was the most frequent species isolated, being responsible for 71% of the positive cultures. Fifty infections were documented, with bloodstream infections...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Infection Vol. 39; no. 6; pp. 587 - 593
Main Authors:	Perugini, M. R. E., Nomi, S. M., Lopes, G. K., Belei, R. A., van der Heijden, I. M., Mostachio, A. K. Q., Grion, C., Couto, E. B., Costa, S. F.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-12-2011 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adult Aged Antibiotic resistance Bacteremia - epidemiology Bacteremia - microbiology Bacteremia - prevention & control Biological and medical sciences Carrier State - epidemiology Carrier State - microbiology Carrier State - prevention & control Cluster Analysis Colonization Correspondence Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - microbiology Cross Infection - prevention & control Education, Medical, Continuing Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field Enterococcus - classification Enterococcus - drug effects Enterococcus - genetics Enterococcus - isolation & purification Environmental Microbiology Equipment Contamination Family Medicine Female General Practice Genotype Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - epidemiology Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - prevention & control Guideline Adherence - statistics & numerical data Humans Incidence Infection Control - methods Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Intervention Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Miscellaneous Molecular Typing Professional Competence - statistics & numerical data Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Surveys and Questionnaires Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology Urinary Tract Infections - prevention & control Vancomycin Resistance Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus Environment Intensive care unit Enterococcus Drug Nosocomial infection Urinary system disease Rate Hospital architecture Epidemiology Contamination Infection Streptococcaceae Antibiotic Sensitivity resistance Equipment Bacteriosis Bacteria Micrococcales Hospital Hygiene
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Summary:	More than 1,500 perirectal swab cultures and 552 environmental and equipment cultures were collected during the study period. Enterococcus faecium was the most frequent species isolated, being responsible for 71% of the positive cultures. Fifty infections were documented, with bloodstream infections (18, 36%) being the most frequent, followed by urinary tract infection (15, 30%). An educational intervention was given to 136 healthcare workers (HCWs), and a questionnaire regarding vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) transmission was also performed pre- and post-intervention. Overall, 858 opportunities of patient care were evaluated. The compliance with contact precautions did not improve; however, in general, the proportion of correct answers regarding VRE increased significantly when comparing pre- and post-intervention periods ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, the proportion of environmental and equipment contaminated by VRE decreased significantly from pre- (23.2%) to post-intervention (8.2%) ( p < 0.001) and was associated with a significant decrease in VRE infection from 7.7 to 1.9 when comparing the pre- and post-intervention periods. The use of vancomycin (defined daily dose [DDD]) did not change significantly over the study period ( p = 0.970), and the use of teicoplanin increased ( p < 0.001). Seventy-six percent of E. faecium belong to type and subtype A by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This predominant type was found in the environment and caused colonization and infection. In conclusion, the present study showed that reduction of the proportion of environmental and equipment contamination was associated with a decrease of colonization and infection due to VRE, and that the strategy to control VRE dissemination should be based on local problems.
Bibliography:	SourceType-Other Sources-1 content type line 63 ObjectType-Correspondence-1
ISSN:	0300-8126 1439-0973
DOI:	10.1007/s15010-011-0140-6