Improved Geometry of Decellularized Tissue Engineered Heart Valves to Prevent Leaflet Retraction

Improved Geometry of Decellularized Tissue Engineered Heart Valves to Prevent Leaflet Retraction

Recent studies on decellularized tissue engineered heart valves (DTEHVs) showed rapid host cell repopulation and increased valvular insufficiency developing over time, associated with leaflet shortening. A possible explanation for this result was found using computational simulations, which revealed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of biomedical engineering Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 1061 - 1071
Main Authors: Sanders, Bart, Loerakker, Sandra, Fioretta, Emanuela S., Bax, Dave J.P., Driessen-Mol, Anita, Hoerstrup, Simon P., Baaijens, Frank P. T.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-04-2016
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Anisotropy
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Biomedicine
Biophysics
Bioreactors
Classical Mechanics
Collagen
Computation
Computer simulation
Constraining
Fatigue (materials)
Heart Valve Prosthesis
Heart valves
Heart Valves - physiology
Humans
Implantation
Mathematical models
Physiology
Repopulation
Tissue Engineering
Bioreactor
Computational modeling
Tissue engineering
Heart valve replacement
Decellularization
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Summary:Recent studies on decellularized tissue engineered heart valves (DTEHVs) showed rapid host cell repopulation and increased valvular insufficiency developing over time, associated with leaflet shortening. A possible explanation for this result was found using computational simulations, which revealed radial leaflet compression in the original valvular geometry when subjected to physiological pressure conditions. Therefore, an improved geometry was suggested to enable radial leaflet extension to counteract for host cell mediated retraction. In this study, we propose a solution to impose this new geometry by using a constraining bioreactor insert during culture. Human cell based DTEHVs ( n  = 5) were produced as such, resulting in an enlarged coaptation area and profound belly curvature. Extracellular matrix was homogeneously distributed, with circumferential collagen alignment in the coaptation region and global tissue anisotropy. Based on in vitro functionality experiments, these DTEHVs showed competent hydrodynamic functionality under physiological pulmonary conditions and were fatigue resistant, with stable functionality up to 16 weeks in vivo simulation. Based on implemented mechanical data, our computational models revealed a considerable decrease in radial tissue compression with the obtained geometrical adjustments. Therefore, these improved DTEHV are expected to be less prone to host cell mediated leaflet retraction and will remain competent after implantation.
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Associate Editor Jane Grande-Allen oversaw the review of this article.
ISSN:0090-6964
1573-9686
DOI:10.1007/s10439-015-1386-4