Supercapacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte: An experimental study and design of the activated carbon electrodes via modelling and simulations

Supercapacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte: An experimental study and design of the activated carbon electrodes via modelling and simulations

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are investigated with activated carbon electrodes and a lithium-ion electrolyte, in anticipation of potential future applications in hybridised battery-supercapacitor devices and lithium ion capacitors. An experimental study of a symmetric electrochemi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Carbon (New York) Vol. 164; pp. 422 - 434
Main Authors: Markoulidis, Foivos, Bates, Josh, Lekakou, Constantina, Slade, Robert, Laudone, Giuliano M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Elsevier Ltd 30-08-2020
Elsevier BV
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Aluminum
Batteries
Capacitors
Charge transport
Coated electrodes
Computer simulation
Contact resistance
Electric double layer
Electrode materials
Electrodes
Ion charge
Lithium
Lithium ions
Metal foils
Pore size
Pore size distribution
Porosity
Rechargeable batteries
Supercapacitors
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Summary:Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are investigated with activated carbon electrodes and a lithium-ion electrolyte, in anticipation of potential future applications in hybridised battery-supercapacitor devices and lithium ion capacitors. An experimental study of a symmetric electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) with activated carbon (AC) electrodes on aluminium foil current collectors and electrolyte 1 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC 50:50 v/v concludes a stability window to a maximum potential of 3 V, an equivalent in series resistance of 48 Ω for 1 cm2 cell area (including the contact resistance between electrode and current collector) and an average specific electrode capacitance of 50.5 F g−1. Three AC electrode materials are assessed via computer simulations based on a continuum ion and charge transport model with volume-averaged equations, considering the pore size distribution for each electrode material and, depending on pore size, transport of tetrahedral solvated or flat solvated Li+ ions and solvated or desolvated PF6− ions. The computer simulations demonstrate that the best electrode material is an AC coating electrode with a hierarchical pore size distribution measured in the range of 0.5–180 nm and bimodal shape, and specific surface area BET = 808 m2 g−1. [Display omitted]
ISSN:0008-6223
1873-3891
DOI:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.017