São Paulo urban heat islands have a higher incidence of dengue than other urban areas

Urban heat islands are characterized by high land surface temperature, low humidity, and poor vegetation, and considered to favor the transmission of the mosquito-borne dengue fever that is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We analyzed the recorded dengue incidence in Sao Paulo city, Brazil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases Vol. 19; no. 2; pp. 146 - 155
Main Authors:	Araujo, Ricardo Vieira, Albertini, Marcos Roberto, Costa-da-Silva, André Luis, Suesdek, Lincoln, Franceschi, Nathália Cristina Soares, Bastos, Nancy Marçal, Katz, Gizelda, Cardoso, Vivian Ailt, Castro, Bronislawa Ciotek, Capurro, Margareth Lara, Allegro, Vera Lúcia Anacleto Cardoso
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Brazil Elsevier Editora Ltda 01-03-2015 Contexto Elsevier Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
Subjects:	Aedes - physiology Aedes aegypti Analysis Animals Brazil - epidemiology Care and treatment Cities - epidemiology Cluster Analysis Complications and side effects Dengue Dengue - epidemiology Dengue - transmission Feeding Behavior - physiology Geographic Information Systems Hot Temperature Humans Incidence INFECTIOUS DISEASES Insect Vectors - physiology Land surface temperature Original Oviposition - physiology Prevention Remote Sensing Technology Seasons Socioeconomic Factors Urban heat islands Urban Population Vegetation cover Brazil Aedes aegypti Land surface temperature Urban heat islands Vegetation cover Dengue
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Summary:	Urban heat islands are characterized by high land surface temperature, low humidity, and poor vegetation, and considered to favor the transmission of the mosquito-borne dengue fever that is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. We analyzed the recorded dengue incidence in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, in 2010–2011, in terms of multiple environmental and socioeconomic variables. Geographical information systems, thermal remote sensing images, and census data were used to classify city areas according to land surface temperature, vegetation cover, population density, socioeconomic status, and housing standards. Of the 7415 dengue cases, a majority (93.1%) mapped to areas with land surface temperature >28°C. The dengue incidence rate (cases per 100,000 inhabitants) was low (3.2 cases) in high vegetation cover areas, but high (72.3 cases) in low vegetation cover areas where the land surface temperature was 29±2°C. Interestingly, a multiple cluster analysis phenogram showed more dengue cases clustered in areas of land surface temperature >32°C, than in areas characterized as low socioeconomic zones, high population density areas, or slum-like areas. In laboratory experiments, A. aegypti mosquito larval development, blood feeding, and oviposition associated positively with temperatures of 28–32°C, indicating these temperatures to be favorable for dengue transmission. Thus, among all the variables studied, dengue incidence was most affected by the temperature.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1413-8670 1678-4391 1678-4391
DOI:	10.1016/j.bjid.2014.10.004