The impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on host inflammatory cytokine profiles in patients with TB or other respiratory diseases

The impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on host inflammatory cytokine profiles in patients with TB or other respiratory diseases

Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are the two leading causes of infectious disease mortality worldwide, and their overlap is likely frequent and inevitable. Previous research has shown increased mortality in TB/COVID-coinfected individuals, and emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 may increase susc...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 14; p. 1292486
Main Authors: Cottam, Annabelle, Manneh, Ismaila L, Gindeh, Awa, Sillah, Abdou K, Cham, Ousainou, Mendy, Joseph, Barry, Amadou, Coker, Edward G, Daffeh, Georgetta K, Badjie, Simon, Barry, Salieu, Owolabi, Olumuyiwa, Winter, Jill, Walzl, Gerhard, Sutherland, Jayne S
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 21-12-2023
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
COVID-19
Cytokines
Humans
Immunology
inflammatory profiles
Interleukin-8
Respiration Disorders
respiratory disease
SARS-CoV-2
Tuberculosis
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
COVID-19
cytokines
inflammatory profiles
respiratory disease
tuberculosis
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Summary:Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are the two leading causes of infectious disease mortality worldwide, and their overlap is likely frequent and inevitable. Previous research has shown increased mortality in TB/COVID-coinfected individuals, and emerging evidence suggests that COVID-19 may increase susceptibility to TB. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of prior or concurrent COVID-19 infection on immune profiles of TB patients and those with other respiratory diseases (ORD). Serum and nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 161 Gambian adolescents and adults with either TB or an ORD. Concurrent COVID-19 infection was determined by PCR, while prior COVID-19 was defined by antibody seropositivity. Multiplex cytokine immunoassays were used to quantify 27 cytokines and chemokines in patient serum samples at baseline, and throughout treatment in TB patients. Strikingly, TB and ORD patients with prior COVID-19 infection were found to have significantly reduced expression of several cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-7, compared to those without (p<0.035). Moreover, at month-six of anti-TB treatment, seropositive patients had lower serum Basic FGF (p=0.0115), IL-1β (p=0.0326) and IL-8 (p=0.0021) than seronegative. TB patients with acute COVID-19 coinfection had lower levels of IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α and IP-10 than TB-only patients, though these trends did not reach significance (p>0.035). Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 infection alters the subsequent response to TB and ORDs, potentially contributing to pathogenesis. Further work is necessary to determine whether COVID-19 infection accelerates TB disease progression, though our results experimentally support this hypothesis.
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Edited by: Christoph Hölscher, Research Center Borstel (LG), Germany
Yean Kong Yong, Xiamen University, Malaysia
Reviewed by: Sebastian Julian Theobald, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292486