Detailed mtDNA genotypes permit a reassessment of the settlement and population structure of the Andaman Islands

The population genetics of the Indian subcontinent is central to understanding early human prehistory due to its strategic location on the proposed corridor of human movement from Africa to Australia during the late Pleistocene. Previous genetic research using mtDNA has emphasized the relative isola...

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Published in:	American journal of physical anthropology Vol. 136; no. 1; pp. 19 - 27
Main Authors:	Barik, S.S., Sahani, R., Prasad, B.V.R., Endicott, P., Metspalu, M., Sarkar, B.N., Bhattacharya, S., Annapoorna, P.C.H., Sreenath, J., Sun, D., Sanchez, J.J., Ho, S.Y.W., Chandrasekar, A., Rao, V.R.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01-05-2008 Wiley-Liss
Subjects:	Andaman and Nicobar Islands Anthropological methods Biological anthropology DNA DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Emigration and Immigration Evolutionary anthropology Excavation and methods Genetics, Population - methods Genotype Human evolution Human genetics human migration Human paleontology Humans India Indian Ocean Islands Jarawa Laboratory methods Mankind origin and evolution Methodology and general studies Migration Munda Pauri bhuiya Phylogeny phylogeography Physical and chemical analysis Physical anthropology Pleistocene Prehistory and protohistory Early Chalcolithic A-Group South-East Asia Australia Asia Africa Oceania India Indian Ocean Islands Motion Late Pleistocene Jarawa Indian Ocean Pauri bhuiya Form Genetic Genotype Mitochondrial DNA Research Island Source India phylogeography Munda Settlement Populating Population human migration Localization
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Summary:	The population genetics of the Indian subcontinent is central to understanding early human prehistory due to its strategic location on the proposed corridor of human movement from Africa to Australia during the late Pleistocene. Previous genetic research using mtDNA has emphasized the relative isolation of the late Pleistocene colonizers, and the physically isolated Andaman Island populations of Island South‐East Asia remain the source of claims supporting an early split between the populations that formed the patchy settlement pattern along the coast of the Indian Ocean. Using whole‐genome sequencing, combined with multiplexed SNP typing, this study investigates the deep structure of mtDNA haplogroups M31 and M32 in India and the Andaman Islands. The identification of a so far unnoticed rare polymorphism shared between these two lineages suggests that they are actually sister groups within a single haplogroup, M31′32. The enhanced resolution of M31 allows for the inference of a more recent colonization of the Andaman Islands than previously suggested, but cannot reject the very early peopling scenario. We further demonstrate a widespread overlap of mtDNA and cultural markers between the two major language groups of the Andaman archipelago. Given the “completeness” of the genealogy based on whole genome sequences, and the multiple scenarios for the peopling of the Andaman Islands sustained by this inferred genealogy, our study hints that further mtDNA based phylogeographic studies are unlikely to unequivocally support any one of these possibilities. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bibliography:	Anthropological Survey of India, Ministry of Culture, Government of India ArticleID:AJPA20773 ark:/67375/WNG-DQS7M8JX-Z istex:0CBB50EFDA45B669CB55B646D51438E8DFD597FE ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0002-9483 1096-8644
DOI:	10.1002/ajpa.20773