Clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK

Objectives To describe the clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK. Methods We investigated the incidence and factors associated with COVID‐19 in a previously established and well‐characterized cohort of black people with HIV. Primary outcomes were CO...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	HIV medicine Vol. 25; no. 5; pp. 614 - 621
Main Authors:	Ottaway, Zoe, Campbell, Lucy, Cechin, Laura R., Patel, Nisha, Fox, Julie, Rosenvinge, Melanie, Schoeman, Sarah, Price, David, Jones, Rachael, Clarke, Amanda, Maan, Irfaan, Ustianowski, Andrew, Onyango, Denis, Tariq, Shema, Miller, Robert F., Post, Frank A., Knott, Alyson, Trevitt, Vittorio, Schoolmeesters, Alex, Ghazali, Shoreh, Waters, Anele, Racz, Mariusz, Arbis, Kathy, Post, Frank, Santana‐Suarez, Beatriz, McQueen, Leigh, Barbini, Bee, Wandolo, Emily, Hung, Rachel, Hanbury, Luella, Barber, Sarah, Taylor, Chris, Poulton, Mary, Middleditch, Holly, McDonald, Candice, Kolodin, Vladimir, Cechin, Laura, Mulka, Larissa, John, Amy, Hawkins, Sally, Bainbridge, Katherine, Barker, Julie, Childs, Kate, Shorrock, Lisa, El Bouzidi, Kate, Oliveira, Amelia, Ratnappuli, Ayoma, Flanagan, Kate, Mody, Nisha, Brady, Michael, Quinn, Killian, Hamlyn, Elizabeth, Sandhu, Gurjinder, Sullivan, Verity, Fitzgerald, Naomi, Lamont, Gary, Calder‐Smith, Natasha, Mazeika, Tadas, Chana, Kiran, Lindergard, Gabriella, Flaherty, Jan, George, Valerie, Kadiu, Denise, Hendy, Alice, Kuriakose, Kevin, Pett, Sarah, Qamar, Mah Jabeen, Sosa, Jose Paredes, Tetorou, Konstantina, Beynon, Michelle, Yinka‐Ogunleye, Adesola, Gopalakrishnan, Gosala, Mullender, Claire, Price, David Ashley, Patel, Bijal, McVittie, Ian, Kegg, Stephen, Harrington, Rosa, Cunningham, Kirsty, Lewis, Mandy, Edwards, Jonathan, Fernandez, Tom, Egeh, Qayo, Spears, Katie, Hamzah, Lisa, Cosgrove, Catherine, Laurence, Hannah, Rahman, Ameen, Toler, Katie, Adade, Claudia, Campbell, Shelley
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2024
Subjects:	Adult black Black people Black People - statistics & numerical data CD4 antigen CD4 Lymphocyte Count Comorbidity Confidence intervals COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - ethnology Diabetes mellitus Epidemiology Ethnicity Female HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - ethnology hospitalization Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Incidence Kidney diseases Kidneys Male Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Pandemics Parameter identification Regression analysis Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Statistical analysis United Kingdom - epidemiology United Kingdom United Kingdom > UK black COVID‐19 HIV hospitalization incidence
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Summary:	Objectives To describe the clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19 in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK. Methods We investigated the incidence and factors associated with COVID‐19 in a previously established and well‐characterized cohort of black people with HIV. Primary outcomes were COVID‐19 acquisition and severe COVID‐19 disease (requiring hospitalization and/or resulting in death). Cumulative incidence was analysed using Nelson–Aalen methods, and associations between demographic, pre‐pandemic immune‐virological parameters, comorbidity status and (severe) COVID‐19 were identified using Cox regression analysis. Results COVID‐19 status was available for 1847 (74%) of 2495 COVID‐AFRICA participants (median age 49.6 years; 56% female; median CD4 cell count = 555 cells/μL; 93% HIV RNA <200 copies/mL), 573 (31%) of whom reported at least one episode of COVID‐19. The cumulative incidence rates of COVID‐19 and severe COVID‐19 were 31.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Region of ancestry (East/Southern/Central vs. West Africa), nadir CD4 count and kidney disease were associated with COVID‐19 acquisition. Diabetes mellitus [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26–4.53] and kidney disease (aHR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.26–4.53) were associated with an increased risk, and recent CD4 count >500 cells/μL (aHR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25–0.93) with a lower risk of severe COVID‐19. Conclusions Region of ancestry was associated with COVID‐19 acquisition, and immune and comorbidity statuses were associated with COVID‐19 disease severity in people of black ethnicity living with HIV in the UK.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1464-2662 1468-1293 1468-1293
DOI:	10.1111/hiv.13611