Phylogeny and variability of Colletotrichum truncatum associated with soybean anthracnose in Brazil

Aims Fungal diseases are among the main factors limiting high yields of soybean crop. Colletotrichum isolates from soybean plants with anthracnose symptoms were studied from different regions and time periods in Brazil using molecular, morphological and pathogenic analyses. Methods and Results Bayes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 122; no. 2; pp. 402 - 415
Main Authors:	Rogério, F., Ciampi‐Guillardi, M., Barbieri, M.C.G., Bragança, C.A.D., Seixas, C.D.S., Almeida, A.M.R., Massola, N.S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Oxford University Press 01-02-2017
Subjects:	Bayes Theorem Brazil Colletotrichum Colletotrichum - classification Colletotrichum - cytology Colletotrichum - genetics Colletotrichum - isolation & purification Colletotrichum truncatum Crop diseases DNA, Fungal - genetics DNA, Ribosomal fungi genetic diversity Genetic Variation Geography Glycine max - genetics Glycine max - microbiology microbial phylogenetics Microbiology Morphology multilocus Phylogenetics Phylogeny plant disease Plant Diseases - microbiology Seeds Soybeans Spores, Fungal - classification Spores, Fungal - cytology Spores, Fungal - isolation & purification genetic diversity fungi multilocus plant disease microbial phylogenetics
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Summary:	Aims Fungal diseases are among the main factors limiting high yields of soybean crop. Colletotrichum isolates from soybean plants with anthracnose symptoms were studied from different regions and time periods in Brazil using molecular, morphological and pathogenic analyses. Methods and Results Bayesian phylogenetic inference of GAPDH, HIS3 and ITS‐5.8S rDNA sequences, the morphologies of colony and conidia, and inoculation tests on seeds and seedlings were performed. All isolates clustered only with Colletotrichum truncatum species in three well‐separated clusters. Intraspecific genetic diversity revealed 27 distinct haplotypes in 51 fungal isolates; some of which were identical to C. truncatum sequences from other regions around the world, while others were related to alternative hosts. Conidia were falcate, hyaline, unicellular and aseptate, formed in acervuli, with variable dimensions. Despite being pathogenic to seedlings by both inoculation methods, variation was observed in the aggressiveness of the tested isolates, which was not correlated with genetic variation. Conclusion The identification of C. truncatum in the sampled isolates was evidenced as being the only causal agent of soybean anthracnose in Brazil until 2007, with relevant genetic, morphological and pathogenic variability as well as a broad geographical origin. The wide distribution of the predominant C. truncatum haplotype indicated the existence of a highly efficient mechanism of pathogen dispersal over long distances, reinforcing the role of seeds as the primary source of disease inoculum. Significance and Impact of the Study The characterization and distribution of Colletotrichum species in soybean‐producing regions in Brazil is fundamental for understanding the disease epidemiology and for ensuring effective control strategies against anthracnose.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1364-5072 1365-2672
DOI:	10.1111/jam.13346