Diurnal Cycle of Tropospheric Winds over West Sumatra and Its Variability Associated with Various Climate and Weather Modes

Diurnal Cycle of Tropospheric Winds over West Sumatra and Its Variability Associated with Various Climate and Weather Modes

The typical diurnal variability of tropospheric winds over West Sumatra and their changes associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves during the extended boreal winter season are investigated based on nine...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmosphere Vol. 14; no. 10; p. 1521
Main Authors: Szkolka, Wojciech Ryszard, Baranowski, Dariusz Bartłomiej, Flatau, Maria K., Marzuki, Marzuki, Shimomai, Toyoshi, Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-10-2023
Subjects:
Amplitudes
atmospheric tides
Climate and weather
Clouds
Convection
Cumulus clouds
Datasets
Diurnal
Diurnal cycle
diurnal cycle of tropospheric winds
Diurnal cycles (Earth sciences)
diurnal precipitation variability
Diurnal variations
Diurnal winds
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
Environmental aspects
Equatorial atmosphere
Equatorial Atmosphere Radar
Evolution
General circulation models
Ionosphere
Islands
Kelvin waves
Kelvin waves (Earth sciences)
Madden-Julian oscillation
Mean winds
Modes
Oscillations
Precipitation
Quasi-biennial oscillation
Radar
Rain
Southern Oscillation
Stratiform clouds
Stratosphere
Sumatra
Thermal circulation
Tidal circulation
Troposphere
Tropospheric winds
Variability
Wave propagation
Wind
Wind direction
Wind variability
Winds
Winter
Indonesia
Indian Ocean
West Sumatra Indonesia
Sumatra
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Summary:The typical diurnal variability of tropospheric winds over West Sumatra and their changes associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves during the extended boreal winter season are investigated based on nineteen years of observations from Equatorial Atmosphere Radar in Kototabang, Indonesia. Sub-diurnal wind variability is assessed based on the amplitude and phase of the diurnal (24 h) and semidiurnal (12 h) modes.The results show that composite diurnal variability is dominated by cloud-induced circulation and thermal tides. Although these sub-diurnal modes do not change the daily mean wind direction, they modulate velocities throughout the day. Typical diurnal evolution of the vertical wind component is consistent with changes in the latent heating profiles associated with the evolution of a cloud field from cumulus before noon to deep convection in the afternoon and stratiform clouds in the evening. El Niño Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation affect the mean tropospheric winds, throughout the troposphere and above 250 hPa, respectively, but do not affect sub-diurnal amplitudes. Eastward propagating Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves impact both the mean and sub-diurnal tropospheric wind variability. Both horizontal and vertical winds show the largest variability in the lower and mid troposphere (below 400 hPa). The observed variability in the vertical wind component highlights that large-scale phenomena interact with both the local evolution and progression of a cloud field through dynamical feedback.
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos14101521