The East Asian gut microbiome is distinct from colocalized White subjects and connected to metabolic health

East Asians (EAs) experience worse metabolic health outcomes compared to other ethnic groups at lower body mass indices; however, the potential role of the gut microbiota in contributing to these health disparities remains unknown. We conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	eLife Vol. 10
Main Authors:	Ang, Qi Yan, Alba, Diana L, Upadhyay, Vaibhav, Bisanz, Jordan E, Cai, Jingwei, Lee, Ho Lim, Barajas, Eliseo, Wei, Grace, Noecker, Cecilia, Patterson, Andrew D, Koliwad, Suneil K, Turnbaugh, Peter J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 07-10-2021 eLife Sciences Publications Ltd eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Subjects:	Acetates Acetic acid Animal models Asian Americans Bacteria - classification Bacteria - isolation & purification Bacterial Physiological Phenomena biogeography Body composition Body mass Body mass index California Community structure Comparative analysis Cultural differences Diet Dietary intake Digestive system Ethnicity Far East - ethnology Fatty acids Feces - microbiology Fermentation Gastrointestinal Microbiome Genotypes Geographical distribution Germfree Health aspects human gut microbiome Immigration Intestinal microflora Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolism Metadata Metagenome Metagenomics Microbiology and Infectious Disease Microbiomes Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Minority & ethnic groups Mucin multi-omics Multiculturalism & pluralism Obesity Phylogenetics Physiological aspects Propionic acid San Francisco San Francisco Far East California Canada metabolic syndrome mouse ethnicity biogeography infectious disease microbiology multi-omics human human gut microbiome obesity
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Summary:	East Asians (EAs) experience worse metabolic health outcomes compared to other ethnic groups at lower body mass indices; however, the potential role of the gut microbiota in contributing to these health disparities remains unknown. We conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian and White participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area, revealing marked differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. White individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading . East Asian subjects had increased levels of multiple bacterial phyla, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end-products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the East Asian and White subjects could not be explained by dietary intake, were more pronounced in lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice demonstrated stable diet- and host genotype-independent differences between the gut microbiotas of East Asian and White individuals that differentially impact host body composition. Taken together, our findings add to the growing body of literature describing microbiome variations between ethnicities and provide a starting point for defining the mechanisms through which the microbiome may shape disparate health outcomes in East Asians.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally.
ISSN:	2050-084X 2050-084X
DOI:	10.7554/eLife.70349