Search Results - "Balls, Michael"

Recent efforts to elucidate the scientific validity of animal-based drug tests by the pharmaceutical industry, pro-testing lobby groups, and animal welfare organisations by Bailey, Jarrod, Balls, Michael

“…Even after several decades of human drug development, there remains an absence of published, substantial, comprehensive data to validate the use of animals in…”
Get full text

17. The Choice of Procedures by Balls, Michael

“…The scientifically-justifiable choice of procedure is a crucial issue in animal experimentation, in the interests of both humanity and efficiency…”
Get full text

Predicting human drug toxicity and safety via animal tests: can any one species predict drug toxicity in any other, and do monkeys help? by Bailey, Jarrod, Thew, Michelle, Balls, Michael

“…Animals are still widely used in drug development and safety tests, despite evidence for their lack of predictive value. In this regard, we recently showed, by…”
Get full text

An analysis of the use of dogs in predicting human toxicology and drug safety by Bailey, Jarrod, Thew, Michelle, Balls, Michael

“…Dogs remain the main non-rodent species in preclinical drug development. Despite the current dearth of new drug approvals and meagre pipelines, this continues,…”
Get full text

origins and early days of the three Rs concept by Balls, Michael

“…Some questions are answered concerning the origins of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) concept in relation to animal experimentation,…”
Get full text

Toxicity testing: creating a revolution based on new technologies by Bhogal, Nirmala, Grindon, Christina, Combes, Robert, Balls, Michael

“…Biotechnology is evolving at a tremendous rate. Although drug discovery is now heavily focused on high throughput and miniaturized screening, the application…”
Get full text

Integrated Testing Strategies for Toxicity Employing New and Existing Technologies by Combes, Robert D, Balls, Michael

“…We have developed individual, integrated testing strategies (ITS) for predicting the toxicity of general chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, inhaled…”
Get full text

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: Trends in Replacement and the Three Rs by Balls, Michael

“…The significance of contributions in volumes 11–46 (1983 to 2018) of Alternatives to Laboratory Animals in relation to the reduction, refinement and…”
Get full text

It’s Time to Reconsider The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by Balls, Michael

“…In the 60 years since the publication of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, the Three Rs (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement) proposed by William…”
Get full text

It’s Time to Include Harm to Humans in Harm–Benefit Analysis — But How to Do It, That is the Question by Balls, Michael

“…The Three Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement) concept put forward by Russell and Burch now appears to be widely accepted. However, their warnings…”
Get full text

Translation of new technologies: from basic research to drug discovery and development by Bhogal, Nirmala, Balls, Michael

“…Despite increasing investment in drug discovery and development, only around one in every ten new medicinal products that progresses to clinical testing ever…”
Get more information

Dr Robert Combes (1946–2021) by Balls, Michael

Get full text

Ethics and Controversies in Animal Subjects Research and Impact on Clinical Decision-Making by Balls, Michael, Bailey, Jarrod

“…The harm inflicted on animals in biomedical research is justified, by those who accept it, by weighing it against proposed benefits for humans, but these are…”
Get full text

Replacing Animal Use in Education and Training by Balls, Michael

“…In the USA, the general public want the use of animals in medical training to cease, but, at least in Australia, some teachers want it to continue, even when…”
Get full text

The Emergence and Early Fate of the Three Rs Concept by Balls, Michael, Parascandola, John

“…In the 60th year since the publication of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch, we visited the W.M.S. and Claire…”
Get full text

Some Personal Reminiscences of the Long Road to Acceptance of the Three Rs by Balls, Michael

“…Recent events have revived memories of events and people of great significance in my life and in the world of the Three Rs…”
Get full text

An analysis of the use of animal models in predicting human toxicology and drug safety by Bailey, Jarrod, Thew, Michelle, Balls, Michael

“…Animal use continues to be central to preclinical drug development, in spite of a lack of its demonstrable validity. The current nadir of new drug approvals…”
Get full text

Animal Experiments and the Right to Ask Questions about Them by Balls, Michael

“…The 2016 Home Office Statistics reveal little about progress in implementing the Three Rs, and the right to question how laboratory animals are used in Great…”
Get full text

Comments on the sub-group reports of the EU Technical Expert Working Group on the revision of Directive 86/609/EEC on the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes by Combes, Robert, Balls, Michael

“…A critical analysis is presented of the reports produced by four Technical Expert Working Group Sub-groups (SGs) on Ethical Review, Cost-Benefit, Authorisation…”
Get full text

The European Citizens' Stop Vivisection Initiative by Balls, Michael

“…The European Commission's considerate response to the controversial European Citizens’ Stop Vivisection Initiative promises to accelerate progress toward…”
Get full text