Micellar Antibiotics of Bacillus

Members of the Bacillus genus, particularly the “Bacillus subtilis group”, are known to produce amphipathic lipopeptides with biosurfactant activity. This includes the surfactins, fengycins and iturins that have been associated with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. We have scree...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Pharmaceutics Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 1296
Main Authors:	Ferreira, William T., Hong, Huynh A., Hess, Mateusz, Adams, James R. G., Wood, Hannah, Bakun, Karolina, Tan, Sisareuth, Baccigalupi, Loredana, Ferrari, Enrico, Brisson, Alain, Ricca, Ezio, Teresa Rejas, María, Meijer, Wilfried J. J., Soloviev, Mikhail, Cutting, Simon M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 19-08-2021 MDPI
Subjects:	Acids Antibiotics antimicrobial Antimicrobial agents Bacillus velezensis biosurfactant chlorotetaine drug delivery Lasers micelle Peptides Surfactants United Kingdom > UK United States > US
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Summary:	Members of the Bacillus genus, particularly the “Bacillus subtilis group”, are known to produce amphipathic lipopeptides with biosurfactant activity. This includes the surfactins, fengycins and iturins that have been associated with antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. We have screened a large collection of Bacillus, isolated from human, animal, estuarine water and soil samples and found that the most potent lipopeptide producers are members of the species Bacillus velezensis. B. velezensis lipopeptides exhibited anti-bacterial activity which was localised on the surface of both vegetative cells and spores. Interestingly, lipopeptide micelles (6–10 nm diameter) were detectable in strains exhibiting the highest levels of activity. Micelles were stable (heat and gastric stable) and shown to entrap other antimicrobials produced by the host bacterium (exampled here was the dipeptide antibiotic chlorotetaine). Commercially acquired lipopeptides did not exhibit similar levels of inhibitory activity and we suspect that micelle formation may relate to the particular isomeric forms produced by individual bacteria. Using naturally produced micelle formulations we demonstrated that they could entrap antimicrobial compounds (e.g., clindamycin, vancomycin and resveratrol). Micellar incorporation of antibiotics increased activity. Bacillus is a prolific producer of antimicrobials, and this phenomenon could be exploited naturally to augment antimicrobial activity. From an applied perspective, the ability to readily produce Bacillus micelles and formulate with drugs enables a possible strategy for enhanced drug delivery.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1999-4923 1999-4923
DOI:	10.3390/pharmaceutics13081296