Mechanical properties of anterior lens capsule assessed with AFM and nanoindenter in relation to human aging, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and trypan blue staining

The purpose of this study is the mechanical characterization of the mid-to- old-age human anterior lens capsules (ALCs) obtained by capsulorhexis using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and a nanoindenter at different spatial scales. The dependencies on the human age, presence or absence of pseudoexfoli...

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Published in:	Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials Vol. 112; p. 104081
Main Authors:	Efremov, Yuri M., Bakhchieva, Natalia A., Shavkuta, Boris S., Frolova, Anastasia A., Kotova, Svetlana L., Novikov, Ivan A., Akovantseva, Anastasia A., Avetisov, Konstantin S., Avetisov, Sergei E., Timashev, Peter S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-12-2020
Subjects:	Aging Atomic force microscopy Biomechanics Capsulorhexis Cataract Coloring Agents Exfoliation Syndrome Humans Lens capsule Lens Capsule, Crystalline Microscopy, Atomic Force Middle Aged Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) Staining and Labeling Trypan Blue Trypan blue staining Young's modulus Biomechanics Young's modulus Atomic force microscopy Lens capsule Cataract Trypan blue staining Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) Capsulorhexis
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Summary:	The purpose of this study is the mechanical characterization of the mid-to- old-age human anterior lens capsules (ALCs) obtained by capsulorhexis using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and a nanoindenter at different spatial scales. The dependencies on the human age, presence or absence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), and application of trypan blue staining during the surgery were analyzed. The measurements on both the anterior (AS) and epithelial (ES) sides of the ALC were conducted and the effect of cells present on the epithelial side was carefully accounted for. The ES of the ALC had a homogenous distribution of the Young's modulus over the surface as shown by the macroscale mapping with the nanoindenter and local AFM indentations, while the AS was more heterogeneous. Age-related changes were assessed in groups ranging from the mid-age (from 48 years) to old-age (up to 93 years). We found that the ES was always stiffer than the AS, and this difference decreased with age due to a gradual decrease in the Young's modulus of the ES and an increase in the modulus of the AS. No significant changes were found in the mechanical properties of ALCs of PEX patients versus the PEX-free group, as well as in the properties of the ALC with and without trypan blue staining.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1751-6161 1878-0180
DOI:	10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104081