High PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Interaction Infers Tumor Selection and Therapeutic Sensitivity to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Treatment

Many cancers are termed immunoevasive due to expression of immunomodulatory ligands. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cluster of differentiation 80/86 (CD80/86) interact with their receptors, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), respectively, on tumo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Vol. 80; no. 19; pp. 4244 - 4257
Main Authors:	Sánchez-Magraner, Lissete, Miles, James, Baker, Claire L, Applebee, Christopher J, Lee, Dae-Jin, Elsheikh, Somaia, Lashin, Shaimaa, Withers, Katriona, Watts, Andrew G, Parry, Richard, Edmead, Christine, Lopez, Jose Ignacio, Mehta, Raj, Italiano, Antoine, Ward, Stephen G, Parker, Peter J, Larijani, Banafshé
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States 01-10-2020
Subjects:	Adult Aged B7-H1 Antigen - antagonists & inhibitors B7-H1 Antigen - immunology B7-H1 Antigen - metabolism Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - immunology Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - metabolism Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - mortality Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - pathology Carcinoma, Renal Cell - drug therapy Carcinoma, Renal Cell - immunology Carcinoma, Renal Cell - metabolism Carcinoma, Renal Cell - pathology Female Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer - methods Humans Kidney Neoplasms - drug therapy Kidney Neoplasms - immunology Kidney Neoplasms - metabolism Kidney Neoplasms - pathology Lung Neoplasms - immunology Lung Neoplasms - metabolism Lung Neoplasms - mortality Lung Neoplasms - pathology Male Melanoma - drug therapy Melanoma - immunology Melanoma - metabolism Melanoma - mortality Middle Aged Molecular Targeted Therapy Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - antagonists & inhibitors Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - immunology Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism Reproducibility of Results Treatment Outcome
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Summary:	Many cancers are termed immunoevasive due to expression of immunomodulatory ligands. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cluster of differentiation 80/86 (CD80/86) interact with their receptors, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), respectively, on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes eliciting immunosuppression. Immunotherapies aimed at blocking these interactions are revolutionizing cancer treatments, albeit in an inadequately described patient subset. To address the issue of patient stratification for immune checkpoint intervention, we quantitatively imaged PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in tumor samples from patients, employing an assay that readily detects these intercellular protein-protein interactions in the less than or equal to 10 nm range. These analyses across multiple patient cohorts demonstrated the intercancer, interpatient, and intratumoral heterogeneity of interacting immune checkpoints. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was not correlated with clinical PD-L1 expression scores in malignant melanoma. Crucially, among anti-PD-1-treated patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, those with lower PD-1/PD-L1 interaction had significantly worsened survival. It is surmised that within tumors selecting for an elevated level of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, there is a greater dependence on this pathway for immune evasion and hence, they exhibit more impressive patient response to intervention. SIGNIFICANCE: Quantitation of immune checkpoint interaction by direct imaging demonstrates that immunotherapy-treated patients with metastatic NSCLC with a low extent of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction show significantly worse outcome.
ISSN:	0008-5472 1538-7445
DOI:	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1117