Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Signal transduction and targeted therapy Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 27
Main Authors: Kumar, Mudasir A., Baba, Sadaf K., Sadida, Hana Q., Marzooqi, Sara Al, Jerobin, Jayakumar, Altemani, Faisal H., Algehainy, Naseh, Alanazi, Mohammad A., Abou-Samra, Abdul-Badi, Kumar, Rakesh, Al-Shabeeb Akil, Ammira S., Macha, Muzafar A., Mir, Rashid, Bhat, Ajaz A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05-02-2024
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
631/67/1857
692/4028/67/1059/153
Biomarkers
Breast carcinoma
Cancer Research
Cell Biology
Cell interactions
Diabetes mellitus
Drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - genetics
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Gastric cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Humans
Internal Medicine
Lipids
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - genetics
Neurodegenerative diseases
Oncology
Pathology
Review
Review Article
Serum proteins
Surface markers
Therapeutic applications
Tumor Microenvironment
Virus Diseases
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Description
Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:2059-3635
2095-9907
2059-3635
DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1