Pathogenic parasites and enteroviruses in wastewater: support for a regulation on water reuse

Brazilian regulations for nonpotable reuse are being established using World Health Organization guidelines, however, they should be developed based on local monitoring studies. This study intended to analyze enteroviruses, protozoa and viable Ascaris sp. eggs in raw (24) and treated (24) effluents...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Water science and technology Vol. 67; no. 7; pp. 1512 - 1518
Main Authors:	HACHICH, Elayse M, GALVANI, Ana T, PADULA, Jose A, STOPPE, Nancy C, GARCIA, Suzi C, BONANNO, Vilma M. S, BARBOSA, Mikaela R. F, SATO, Maria Inês Z
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London International Water Association 01-01-2013 IWA Publishing
Subjects:	Analysis methods Animals Applied sciences Ascaris Ascaris - isolation & purification Brazil Centrifugation Centrifuging Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium - isolation & purification Effluent treatment Effluents Eggs Enterovirus - isolation & purification Enteroviruses Environmental monitoring Environmental protection Exact sciences and technology General purification processes Giardia Giardia - isolation & purification Immunomagnetic separation Influents Methods Microorganisms Natural water pollution Organizations Parasites Pathogens Pollution Procedures Protozoa Reclaimed water Recycling - legislation & jurisprudence Regulation Rhabdomyosarcoma Risk Assessment Waste Water - parasitology Waste Water - virology Wastewater Wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment plants Wastewaters Water Microbiology Water reuse Water treatment and pollution Brazil Protozoa Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium sp Apicomplexa wastewater Microbiology Picornaviridae Environmental policy reclaimed water Reuse Parasite Ascaris sp Enterovirus Waste water Virus Giardia sp Pathogenic Regulation Biological contamination
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Summary:	Brazilian regulations for nonpotable reuse are being established using World Health Organization guidelines, however, they should be developed based on local monitoring studies. This study intended to analyze enteroviruses, protozoa and viable Ascaris sp. eggs in raw (24) and treated (24) effluents from four Wastewater Treatment Plants of São Paulo State, Brazil. The protozoa were detected with the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1623 in the treated effluents and by centrifugation/Immunomagnetic Separation in the raw influent samples. Viable Ascaris sp. eggs were analyzed according to a modified USEPA method. Enteroviruses were quantified by using human rhabdomyosarcoma cells after adequate concentration procedures. All wastewater influents were positive for Giardia sp. whereas Cryptosporidium sp. was detected in 58.3% of the samples. Giardia sp. and Cryptosporidium sp. were present in 79.2 and 25.0% respectively, of the treated wastewater samples. Viable Ascaris sp. eggs were detected in 50.0 and 12.5% of influent and treated wastewater samples. Enteroviruses were isolated in the 24 raw influent samples and in 46% of the treated samples. Taking into account the densities of Giardia sp. in some treated wastewaters intended to be used as reclaimed water, Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment studies should be conducted to establish pathogen quantitative criteria for a future Brazilian regulation for water reuse.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0273-1223 1996-9732
DOI:	10.2166/wst.2013.019