Tetraether-linked membrane monolayers in Ferroplasma spp: a key to survival in acid

Ferroplasma acidarmanus thrives in hot, extremely low pH, metal-rich solutions associated with dissolving metal sulfide ore deposits. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyses of F. acidarmanus membranes indicate that tetraeth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions Vol. 8; no. 5; pp. 411 - 419
Main Authors:	MACALADY, Jennifer L, VESTLING, Martha M, BAUMLER, David, BOEKELHEIDE, Nick, KASPAR, Charles W, BANFIELD, Jillian F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Heidelberg Springer 01-10-2004 Tokyo Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Acids - metabolism Archaea Archaea - metabolism Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences Chromatography, Thin Layer Cytoplasm - metabolism Desorption Ferroplasma Ferroplasma acidarmanus Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Ionization Ions Lipid Metabolism Lipids Lipids - chemistry Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Mass spectrometry Microbiology Miscellaneous Sodium Chloride - chemistry Space life sciences Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Temperature Thermoplasmales - genetics Thin layer chromatography Time Factors Drug combination Gradient Membrane monolayer Tetraether lipid Microbiology Archaeobacteria Archaea Thermophily NMR spectrometry Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization Thin layer chromatography Acidophile Bacteria Acid mine drainage Extreme environment
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Summary:	Ferroplasma acidarmanus thrives in hot, extremely low pH, metal-rich solutions associated with dissolving metal sulfide ore deposits. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography analyses of F. acidarmanus membranes indicate that tetraether lipids predominate, with at least three core lipid structures. NMR measurements indicate that the cytoplasmic pH of F. acidarmanus is approximately 5.6. The optimal growth pH is approximately 1.2, and the lowest growth pH is approximately 0.0. Thus, these organisms maintain pH gradients across their membranes that approach 5 pH units. Tetraether lipids were originally thought to be specifically associated with thermophiles but are now known to be widely distributed within the archaeal domain. Our data, in combination with recently published results for thermophilic and mesothermophilic acidophilic archaea, indicate that there may be a stronger association between tetraether lipids and tolerance to acid and/or large metal ion gradients.
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ISSN:	1431-0651 1433-4909
DOI:	10.1007/s00792-004-0404-5