Proteomic Investigations of Two Pakistani Naja Snake Venoms Species Unravel the Venom Complexity, Posttranslational Modifications, and Presence of Extracellular Vesicles

Latest advancement of omics technologies allows in-depth characterization of venom compositions. In the present work we present a proteomic study of two snake venoms of the genus i.e., (black cobra) and (brown cobra) of Pakistani origin. The present study has shown that these snake venoms consist of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Toxins Vol. 12; no. 11; p. 669
Main Authors:	Manuwar, Aisha, Dreyer, Benjamin, Böhmert, Andreas, Ullah, Anwar, Mughal, Zia, Akrem, Ahmed, Ali, Syed Abid, Schlüter, Hartmut, Betzel, Christian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI 22-10-2020 MDPI AG
Subjects:	ankyrin repeat N-terminal acetylation Naja naja Naja oxiana Ras-GTPase venom proteome extracellular vesicles N-terminal acetylation Ras-GTPase venom proteome Naja naja Naja oxiana Ankyrin repeat
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Summary:	Latest advancement of omics technologies allows in-depth characterization of venom compositions. In the present work we present a proteomic study of two snake venoms of the genus i.e., (black cobra) and (brown cobra) of Pakistani origin. The present study has shown that these snake venoms consist of a highly diversified proteome. Furthermore, the data also revealed variation among closely related species. High throughput mass spectrometric analysis of the venom proteome allowed to identify for the venom 34 protein families and for the 24 protein families. The comparative evaluation of the two venoms showed that consists of a more complex venom proteome than venom. Analysis also showed N-terminal acetylation (N-ace) of a few proteins in both venoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing this posttranslational modification in snake venom. N-ace can shed light on the mechanism of regulation of venom proteins inside the venom gland. Furthermore, our data showed the presence of other body proteins, e.g., ankyrin repeats, leucine repeats, zinc finger, cobra serum albumin, transferrin, insulin, deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha, and other regulatory proteins in these venoms. Interestingly, our data identified Ras-GTpase type of proteins, which indicate the presence of extracellular vesicles in the venom. The data can support the production of distinct and specific anti-venoms and also allow a better understanding of the envenomation and mechanism of distribution of toxins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018726.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2072-6651 2072-6651
DOI:	10.3390/toxins12110669