Integrated vector management with additional pre-transmission season thermal fogging is associated with a reduction in dengue incidence in Makassar, Indonesia: Results of an 8-year observational study

Dengue virus transmission is endemic in Makassar, Indonesia, with the majority of cases reported soon after the start of the annual rainy season. Before 2006, larval source reduction, larvaciding, and reactive routine, outdoor, insecticide fogging campaigns did not result in a reduction in seasonal...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 13; no. 8; p. e0007606
Main Authors:	Wahid, Isra, Ishak, Hasanuddin, Hafid, Abdul, Fajri, Muhammad, Sidjal, Sukmawati, Nurdin, Armin, Azikin, Naisyah Tun, Sudirman, Rusdyah, Hasan, Hajar, Yusuf, Muhammad, Bachtiar, Imam, Hawley, William A, Rosenberg, Ronald, Lobo, Neil F
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01-08-2019 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Aedes Aedes - virology Animals Annual rainfall Aquatic insects Biology and Life Sciences Cities Community Dengue Dengue - epidemiology Dengue - transmission Dengue fever Dengue Virus Disease control Disease prevention Disease transmission Disease Vectors Dry season Environmental aspects Epidemics Fogging Funding Housing Human diseases Incidence Indonesia - epidemiology Insecticides Intervention Larva Larvae Malathion Medical climatology Medical research Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Mosquito control Mosquito Vectors - virology Mosquitoes Observational studies People and Places Population Prevention Public health Public health administration Rain Rainy season Reduction Residential areas Seasons Studies Surveys Transmission Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases Vectors (Biology) Viral diseases Viruses Weather Wet season Cities Indonesia United States > US Sulawesi
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Summary:	Dengue virus transmission is endemic in Makassar, Indonesia, with the majority of cases reported soon after the start of the annual rainy season. Before 2006, larval source reduction, larvaciding, and reactive routine, outdoor, insecticide fogging campaigns did not result in a reduction in seasonal dengue incidence. Beginning in 2006, village volunteers conducted comprehensive surveys for immature Aedes during the dry season, when vector populations were at their lowest. Based on this pre-season vector data, a single additional pre-emptive outdoor fogging with Malathion was conducted once annually before the rains began in villages with a pre-defined proportion of sampled houses positive for Aedes immatures. This additional procedure was associated with reduced temporal larval indices as well as an 83% reduction in reported cases during the transmission season over the 8-year period of implementation. Two cities adjacent to Makassar experienced substantial but smaller reductions in dengue incidence; while other cities further from the intervention area did not. This represents the first time an integrated intervention strategy has been coupled with substantially reduced dengue transmission in Indonesia.
Bibliography:	new_version ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pntd.0007606