Vaccine subtype and dose interval determine immunogenicity of primary series COVID-19 vaccines in older people

Vaccine subtype and dose interval determine immunogenicity of primary series COVID-19 vaccines in older people

Age is the strongest determinant of COVID-19 mortality, and over 2 billion people have received primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 (mRNA) or ChAdOx1 (adenoviral vector). However, the profile of sustained vaccine immunogenicity in older people is unknown. Here, we determine spike-specific humor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell reports. Medicine Vol. 3; no. 9; p. 100739
Main Authors: Parry, Helen, Bruton, Rachel, Ayodele, Reni, Sylla, Penny, McIlroy, Graham, Logan, Nicola, Scott, Sam, Nicol, Sam, Verma, Kriti, Stephens, Christine, Willett, Brian, Zuo, Jianmin, Moss, Paul
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 20-09-2022
Elsevier
Subjects:
Aged
BNT162 Vaccine
BNT162b2
ChAdOx1
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
elderly
Humans
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
primary series
RNA, Messenger
vaccines
COVID-19
BNT162b2
ChAdOx1
vaccines
elderly
primary series
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Summary:Age is the strongest determinant of COVID-19 mortality, and over 2 billion people have received primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 (mRNA) or ChAdOx1 (adenoviral vector). However, the profile of sustained vaccine immunogenicity in older people is unknown. Here, we determine spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity to 8 months following BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in 245 people aged 80–98 years. Vaccines are strongly immunogenic, with antibodies retained in every donor, while titers fall to 23%–26% from peak. Peak immunity develops rapidly with standard interval BNT162b2, although antibody titers are enhanced 3.7-fold with extended interval. Neutralization of ancestral variants is superior following BNT162b2, while neutralization of Omicron is broadly negative. Conversely, cellular responses are stronger following ChAdOx1 and are retained to 33%–60% of peak with all vaccines. BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 elicit strong, but differential, sustained immunogenicity in older people. These data provide a baseline to assess optimal booster regimen in this vulnerable age group. [Display omitted] •Dual COVID-19 vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 is immunogenic in older people•Extending BNT162b2 dose interval increases antibody level but limits cellular response•BNT162b2 gives higher antibody level, and ChAdOx1 stimulates strong T cell response•Immune responses fall by 41%–76% at 8 months, less than reported in younger people Dual “primary series” SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the core of global vaccine protection. Parry et al. determine an 8-month profile of antibody and cellular immunity in people aged >80 years following mRNA or adenovirus vaccination. Both are immunogenic, but subtype and dose interval elicit differential immune platforms for booster vaccines.
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ISSN:2666-3791
2666-3791
DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100739