Biological Effects of Animal Venoms on the Human Immune System

Biological Effects of Animal Venoms on the Human Immune System

Venoms are products of specialized glands and serve many living organisms to immobilize and kill prey, start digestive processes and act as a defense mechanism. Venoms affect different cells, cellular structures and tissues, such as skin, nervous, hematological, digestive, excretory and immune syste...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 344
Main Authors: Avalo, Zharick, Barrera, María Claudia, Agudelo-Delgado, Manuela, Tobón, Gabriel J, Cañas, Carlos A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16-05-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
adaptive immune system
Adaptive systems
Animals
Autoimmune Diseases
Biological effects
Body Fluids
Cellular structure
Digestion
Drug development
envenomation
Gene expression
Health aspects
Humans
Immune System
Immunology
Immunomodulation
immunomodulatory
immunosuppression
Immunosuppressive agents
innate immune system
Kinases
Metabolites
Microorganisms
Neutrophils
Nitric oxide
Peptides
Phosphorylation
Physiological aspects
Prey
R&D
Research & development
Review
Snakes
Toxins
Venom
Venoms
Colombia
immunosuppression
adaptive immune system
envenomation
immunomodulatory
innate immune system
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Summary:Venoms are products of specialized glands and serve many living organisms to immobilize and kill prey, start digestive processes and act as a defense mechanism. Venoms affect different cells, cellular structures and tissues, such as skin, nervous, hematological, digestive, excretory and immune systems, as well as the heart, among other structures. Components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems can be stimulated or suppressed. Studying the effects on the cells and molecules produced by the immune system has been useful in many biomedical fields. The effects of venoms can be the basis for research and development of therapeutic protocols useful in the modulation of the immunological system, including different autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the understanding of biological effects of diverse venom on the human immune system and how some of their components can be useful for the study and development of immunomodulatory drugs.
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins14050344