Vulnerability of seagrass blue carbon to microbial attack following exposure to warming and oxygen

Seagrass meadows store globally-significant quantities of organic ‘blue’ carbon. These blue carbon stocks are potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors (e.g. coastal development, climate change). Here, we tested the impact of oxygen exposure and warming (major consequences of human disturban...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Science of the total environment Vol. 686; pp. 264 - 275
Main Authors:	Macreadie, P.I., Atwood, T.B., Seymour, J.R., Fontes, M.L. Schmitz, Sanderman, J., Nielsen, D.A., Connolly, R.M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 10-10-2019
Subjects:	Blue carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Emissions Microbes Seagrass ecosystems Seagrass ecosystems Blue carbon Climate change Carbon sequestration Microbes Emissions
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Summary:	Seagrass meadows store globally-significant quantities of organic ‘blue’ carbon. These blue carbon stocks are potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors (e.g. coastal development, climate change). Here, we tested the impact of oxygen exposure and warming (major consequences of human disturbance) on rates of microbial carbon break-down in seagrass sediments. Active microbes occurred throughout seagrass sediment profiles, but deep, ancient sediments (~5000 yrs. old) contained only 3% of the abundance of active microbes as young, surface sediments (<2 yrs. old). Metagenomic analysis revealed that microbial community structure and function changed with depth, with a shift from proteobacteria and high levels of genes involved in sulfur cycling in the near surface samples, to a higher proportion of firmicutes and euraracheota and genes involved in methanogenesis at depth. Ancient carbon consisted almost entirely (97%) of carbon considered ‘thermally recalcitrant’, and therefore presumably inaccessible to microbial attack. Experimental warming had little impact on carbon; however, exposure of ancient sediments to oxygen increased microbial abundance, carbon uptake and sediment carbon turnover (34–38 fold). Overall, this study provides detailed characterization of seagrass blue carbon (chemical stability, age, associated microbes) and suggests that environmental disturbances that expose coastal sediments to oxygen (e.g. dredging) have the capacity to diminish seagrass sediment carbon stocks by facilitating microbial remineralisation. [Display omitted] •Seagrass ecosystems store globally-significant amounts of blue carbon•Mechanisms underpinning blue carbon destabilisation are largely unknown•Exposure of blue carbon to oxygen triggered microbial remineralization•Sediment carbon turnover increased 34–38-fold following oxygen exposure•Activities that expose seagrass sediments to oxygen threaten blue carbon stability
ISSN:	0048-9697 1879-1026
DOI:	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.462