The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review

The Multisystem Impact of Long COVID: A Comprehensive Review

(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to c...

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Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 3; p. 244
Main Authors: Negrut, Nicoleta, Menegas, Georgios, Kampioti, Sofia, Bourelou, Maria, Kopanyi, Francesca, Hassan, Faiso Dahir, Asowed, Anamaria, Taleouine, Fatima Zohra, Ferician, Anca, Marian, Paula
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-01-2024
Subjects:
Analysis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
COVID-19
Cytokines
Development and progression
Disease transmission
dysbiosis
Dyspnea
hypercoagulability
Infections
Liu, Timothy
Long COVID
Lungs
Neurophysiology
Pandemics
Pulmonary fibrosis
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Type 2 diabetes
United Kingdom
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
hypercoagulability
Long COVID
dysbiosis
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Summary:(1) Background: COVID-19 was responsible for the latest pandemic, shaking and reshaping healthcare systems worldwide. Its late clinical manifestations make it linger in medical memory as a debilitating illness over extended periods. (2) Methods: the recent literature was systematically analyzed to categorize and examine the symptomatology and pathophysiology of Long COVID across various bodily systems, including pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, dermatological, renal, hematological, and endocrinological aspects. (3) Results: The review outlines the diverse clinical manifestations of Long COVID across multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Factors such as pre-existing conditions, initial COVID-19 severity, vaccination status, gender, and age were identified as influential in the manifestation and persistence of Long COVID symptoms. This condition is highlighted as a debilitating disease capable of enduring over an extended period and presenting new symptoms over time. (4) Conclusions: Long COVID emerges as a condition with intricate multi-systemic involvement, complicating its diagnosis and treatment. The findings underscore the necessity for a nuanced understanding of its diverse manifestations to effectively manage and address the evolving nature of this condition over time.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics14030244