Whole Genome Sequencing of the First H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus Identified in Malaysia

Whole Genome Sequencing of the First H3N8 Equine Influenza Virus Identified in Malaysia

In August 2015, Malaysia experienced an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in racehorses. Clinical signs observed were consistent with equine influenza (EI) infection. The index cases were horses recently imported from New Zealand. Rapid control measures, including temporary cancellation of racin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 2; p. 62
Main Authors: Gahan, Jacinta, Garvey, Marie, Asmah Abd Samad, Rozanah, Cullinane, Ann
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10-05-2019
MDPI
Subjects:
American lineage
Animal health
Antigens
Antisera
Clubs
Diagnosis
Epidemics
equine influenza
Evolution
Exo-a-sialidase
Florida clade 1
Gene sequencing
genome sequencing
Genomes
Glycoproteins
Hemagglutinins
Homology
Horses
Influenza
Malaysia
Outbreaks
Phylogenetics
Polymerase chain reaction
Proteins
Racing
Respiratory diseases
RNA polymerase
Travel
Vaccines
Viruses
Whole genome sequencing
Montana
Singapore
Selangor Malaysia
United States > US
Penang Malaysia
Europe
Tennessee
Japan
Malaysia
Florida
South Africa
Ohio
Georgia
equine influenza
Florida clade 1
genome sequencing
American lineage
Malaysia
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Description
Summary:In August 2015, Malaysia experienced an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in racehorses. Clinical signs observed were consistent with equine influenza (EI) infection. The index cases were horses recently imported from New Zealand. Rapid control measures, including temporary cancellation of racing, were implemented to minimize the impact of the outbreak. By November, the disease outbreak was resolved, and movement restrictions were lifted. The aim of this study was to confirm the clinical diagnosis and characterize the causal virus. A pan-reactive influenza type A real-time RT-PCR was used for confirmatory diagnosis. Antigenic characterization by haemagglutinin inhibition using a panel of specific ferret antisera indicated that the causal virus belonged to clade 1 of the H3N8 Florida sub-lineage. The genetic characterization was achieved by the whole genome sequencing of positive nasal swabs from clinically affected animals. Pylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes demonstrated ≥99% homology with several EI strains that had recently circulated in the USA and Japan. The antigenic and genetic characterization did not indicate that the current World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommendations for EI vaccine composition required modification.
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ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens8020062