Gallstone disease and obesity: a population-based study on abdominal fat distribution and gender differences

AbstractBackground. Existing evidence suggests the visceral fat is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat. We aimed to investigate the value of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue thickness (VAT) for prediction of gallstone disease (GSD) in general population by focus on gender d...

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Published in:	Annals of hepatology Vol. 14; no. 5; pp. 702 - 709
Main Authors:	Radmard, Amir Reza, Merat, Shahin, Kooraki, Soheil, Ashrafi, Mahya, Keshtkar, Abbas, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Jafari, Elham, Malekzadeh, Reza, Poustchi, Hossein
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Mexico Elsevier 01-09-2015
Subjects:	Abdominal Fat - physiopathology Adiposity Aged Anthropometric indices Body Mass Index Chi-Square Distribution Cross-Sectional Studies Female Gallbladder stone Gallstones - diagnosis Gallstones - epidemiology Gastroenterology and Hepatology Humans Iran - epidemiology Logistic Models Male Metabolic syndrome Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Obesity, Abdominal - diagnosis Obesity, Abdominal - epidemiology Obesity, Abdominal - physiopathology Odds Ratio Prevalence Risk Factors Sex Factors Subcutaneous fat Visceral fat Waist-Hip Ratio Iran Visceral fat Subcutaneous fat Anthropometric indices Gallbladder stone Metabolic syndrome
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Summary:	AbstractBackground. Existing evidence suggests the visceral fat is more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat. We aimed to investigate the value of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue thickness (VAT) for prediction of gallstone disease (GSD) in general population by focus on gender differences and comparison with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Material and methods. In this cross-sectional survey, 1,494 subjects (51.4 % men), aged above 50, randomly selected from Golestan Cohort Study residing in Gonbad City, Iran, underwent anthropometric measurements and abdominal ultrasonography. Results. Prevalence of GSD was 17.8% (95% CI 15.9-19.8). Following adjustment for age and then other potential risk factors, all obesity indices, except for SAT, were associated with GSD in women with the highest odds ratio observed in WHtR (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22-1.89). In contrast, WHR was the only associated index in men (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.06). The trend of increasing obesity measures across the quartiles with the risk of GSD was significant in subgroups of WHtR and BMI in women and WHR in men. No significant association was found between SAT and GSD in men or women. Conclusions. The best anthropometric indicators of the risk of GSD may differ by gender. In men, WHR might be the only preferred index to estimate risk of GSD. WHtR, WHR, VAT and BMI are associated with GSD risk in women, although WHtR might better explain this risk. SAT is the poor indicator for identifying subjects with GSD in both genders.
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ISSN:	1665-2681
DOI:	10.1016/S1665-2681(19)30765-3