Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study
A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is believed that i...
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| Published in: | The Saudi dental journal Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 168 - 172 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Saudi Arabia
Elsevier B.V
01-01-2024
Elsevier |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is believed that inflammatory diseases like periodontitis trigger the inducible Treg population to express IL-35, expanding regulatory responses by increasing infection.
The objective is to estimate and compare the salivary IL-35 levels in Periodontally healthy subjects, smokers and non-smokers with Periodontitis in order to educate on the consequences of periodontal health among the diseased patients.
Totally 42 subjects were included and they were categorized into Group 1 (n = 14) as Periodontally healthy subjects, Group 2 (n = 14) as systemically healthy non-Smokers with periodontitis and Group 3 (n = 14) as systemically healthy smokers with periodontitis. Each subject was assessed for clinical parameters such as Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth, clinical attachment. A polypropylene tube was used to collect unstimulated saliva and centrifuged it at 800 × g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and stored at −80◦C. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse levels of human salivary IL-35.
The average age of the subjects in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 50.53, 52.93 and 52.07 years respectively. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference in clinical parameters including Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth and clinical attachment. The salivary IL-35 level was found to be elevated in non-smokers who have periodontitis compared to smokers with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Despite this, the salivary IL-35 levels were found to be statistically significant among three groups at P < 0.001.
The salivary levels of IL-35 were found to increase in Periodontitis patients with/without smoking, along with increased clinical parameters. IL-35 is considered a influential biomarker for periodontal disease. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 1013-9052 1658-3558 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.09.006 |