Noncoding RNAs and programmed cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: Significant role of epigenetic modifications in prognosis, chemoresistance, and tumor recurrence rate

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with a high death rate in the world. The molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of HCC have not been precisely defined so far. Hence, this review aimed to address the potential cross‐talk between noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs)...

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Published in:	Cell biology international Vol. 48; no. 5; pp. 556 - 576
Main Authors:	Arefnezhad, Reza, Ashna, Sara, Rezaei‐Tazangi, Fatemeh, Arfazadeh, Seyed Mahdi, Seyedsalehie, Seyede Shabnam, Yeganeafrouz, Shaghayegh, Aghaei, Melika, Sanandaji, Mandana, Davoodi, Ramin, Abadi, Sareh Ranjbar Karim, Vosough, Massoud
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-05-2024
Subjects:	AKT protein Apoptosis Apoptosis - genetics Autophagy Biomarkers Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism Cell death Cell growth Cell migration Cell proliferation Chemoresistance Circular RNA Diagnosis Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Epigenetics Extracellular signal-regulated kinase Ferroptosis hepatocellular carcinoma Humans Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - metabolism MAP kinase Medical prognosis Medicin och hälsovetenskap Metastases Metastasis miRNA Molecular modelling Necroptosis Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - genetics noncoding RNAs Nucleoli Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - metabolism Predictions Prognosis programmed cell death Signal transduction therapeutic strategies tumor recurrence Tumors Wnt protein Wnt Signaling Pathway tumor recurrence chemoresistance noncoding RNAs programmed cell death hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutic strategies
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Summary:	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with a high death rate in the world. The molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of HCC have not been precisely defined so far. Hence, this review aimed to address the potential cross‐talk between noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and programmed cell death in HCC. All related papers in the English language up to June 2023 were collected and screened. The searched keywords in scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were HCC, ncRNAs, Epigenetic, Programmed cell death, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, Chemoresistance, Tumor recurrence, Prognosis, and Prediction. According to the reports, ncRNAs, comprising long ncRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs can affect cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, as well as cell death‐related processes, such as autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis in HCC by regulating cancer‐associated genes and signaling pathways, for example, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/MAPK, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways. It seems that ncRNAs, as epigenetic regulators, can be utilized as biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, survival and recurrence rates prediction, chemoresistance, and evaluation of therapeutic response in HCC patients. However, more scientific evidence is suggested to be accomplished to confirm these results. Highlights Noncoding RNA (NcRNAs) can affect cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, as well as cell death‐related processes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis are influenced by ncRNAs in HCC by regulating associated signaling pathways. NcRNAs, as epigenetic regulators, can be utilized as biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, survival and recurrence rates prediction, chemoresistance, and evaluation of therapeutic response in HCC patients.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	1065-6995 1095-8355 1095-8355
DOI:	10.1002/cbin.12145