Application of toxicity identification evaluation to sediment in a highly contaminated water reservoir in southeastern Brazil

Rasgão Reservoir, located close to the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, has been analyzed previously, and its sediment was found to be highly toxic, with high levels of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a complete absence of benthic life. Polychlorinated biphenyls also were pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 581 - 588
Main Authors:	Araújo, Rosalina P. A., Botta-Paschoal, Clarice M. R., Silvério, Patrícia F., Almeida, Fernanda V., Rodrigues, Paulo F., Umbuzeiro, Gisela A., Jardim, Wilson F., Mozeto, Antonio A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken Wiley Periodicals, Inc 01-02-2006 SETAC Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects:	Aliivibrio fischeri Ammonia Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Bacteria Biological and medical sciences Brazil Ceriodaphnia dubia Chemical analysis Cladocera Contaminants Contamination Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environmental Monitoring Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Geologic Sediments - chemistry Metropolitan areas PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Pore water Porosity Reservoirs Salmonella Sediment Sediments Toxicity Toxicity identification evaluation Toxicity Tests Toxicology Vibrio fischeri Water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water pollution Water Supply South America Brazil America Sao Paulo Brazil Brazil, Sao Paulo Ceriodaphnia dubia Ecotoxicology Toxicity Cladocera Reservoir Sediments Crustacea Ammonia Vibrio fischeri Sediment Toxicity identification evaluation Ceriodaphnia dubia Vibrio fischeri Ammonia Arthropoda Bacteria Vibrionaceae Invertebrata Branchiopoda
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Summary:	Rasgão Reservoir, located close to the Metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil, has been analyzed previously, and its sediment was found to be highly toxic, with high levels of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a complete absence of benthic life. Polychlorinated biphenyls also were present, as was mutagenic activity, detected with the Salmonella/microsome assay. Because of the extremely complex mixture of contaminants in these sediments, a toxicity identification evaluation was performed on the pore water and elutriate using Ceriodaphnia dubia and Vibrio fischeri. Toxicity characterization, identification, and confirmation procedures were performed in one representative sample of the reservoir, and the results indicated that ammonia was the main cause of the toxicity detected with C. dubia in both sediment pore water and elutriate. Chemical analysis corroborated this observation by revealing un‐ionized ammonia concentrations as high as 5.14 mg/L in pore water and 2.06 mg/L in elutriate. These high ammonia levels masked possible toxicity caused by other classes of compounds. The toxicity detected with V. fischeri decreased with the time of sample storage and was related to the organic fraction of the pore water and the elutriate, in which compounds such as benzothiazole and nonylphenol were detected.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/WNG-3BKXHHF6-D ArticleID:ETC5620250234 istex:8DC8BF654EF1429CFB4F84FEA2FBC3D26529FB6C ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0730-7268 1552-8618
DOI:	10.1897/05-144R.1